DSA Material Flashcards
Clathrin coated vesicles
Transport products from the Golgi to lysosomes or products from cell exterior to lysosome (like cholesterol).
COP-coated vesicles
Transport products between stacks of Golgi (COP I) and from the ER to Golgi (COP II).
Dynamin
Surrounds neck of the invaginated pit, pinching the vesicle off the PM.
Primary lysosome
Storage site of lysosomal hydrolases.
No digestive enzymes.
Enzymes are inactive.
Homogenous.
Secondary lysosome
Catalytic process occurs.
Digestive enzymes.
Heterogeneous.
Lysosomal formation
Begins with endosome. Formed from fusion of transport vesicle with endosome. Early endosome —> late endosome —> secondary lysosome.
Must lower pH to 5.5.
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol uptake is disrupted.
LDL is elevated due to mutation in LDL receptor.
Zellweger spectrum disorders
Unable to make peroxisomes.
No cure and is fatal within first year of life.
K concentrations
Higher inside the cell than outside. The only solute that is this way.
Osmolarity definition
Measure of the number of osmotically active solute in a solution.
Osmolarity =
g x [C]
g is number of particles that can dissociate.
[C] is conc of the solute.
Reflection coefficient
At 0, solute is fully permeable (diffusion). At 1, solute is completely impermeable (osmosis).
Estimated osmolarity =
2x[Na] + [Glc]/18 + [BUN]/2.8
Why does urea cause lysis in an isotonic solution?
Urea’s reflection coefficient is nearly 0, so it can diffuse easily accross the CM. The contents inside the CM have a reflection coeffiient near 1, so they stay inside he cell. Now the cell has much more solute to create a gradient for water to flow into the cell and cause lysis.
Solution of 290 mOsm urea is:
Isoosmotic, but hypotonic due to RBC swelling.
