DSA - Intro to Endo/Repro Flashcards
What is autocrine signaling?
When a cell secretes a chemical signal that activates a receptor on its own cell membrane
What is Paracrine signaling?
When a cell secretes a chemical signal that activates a receptor on a neighboring cell without travelling through circulatory system
What is Endocrine signaling?
When a cell secretes a chemical signal that activates a receptor on a cell that is far away, utilizing the circulatory system to reach it
What is Neuroendocrine signaling?
When a neuron secretes a chemical signal into the blood stream to activate a far away cell receptor
What are the classical endocrine organs?
Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla Pancreas Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Ovaries Testicles Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Posterior Pituitary Gland Placenta
What hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus?
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) Corticotropic Releasing Hormone (CRH) Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Somatostatin Dopamine
What hormones are secreted from the Anterior Pituitary Gland?
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) Growth Hormone (GH) Prolactin
What hormones are secreted from the Posterior Pituitary Gland?
Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin
What hormones are secreted from the Thyroid Gland?
T3 - Triiodothyronine
T4 - Thyroxine
Calcitonin
What hormones are secreted from the Parathyroid Gland?
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
What hormones are secreted from the pancreas?
Insulin
Glucagon
What hormones are secreted from the Adrenal Medulla?
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
What hormones are secreted from the Kidney?
Renin
1,25 - Dihydroxycholecalciferol
What hormones are secreted from the Adrenal Cortex?
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Adrenal Androgens
What hormones are secreted from the testes?
Testosterone
What hormones are secreted from the ovaries?
Estradiol
Progesterone
What hormones are secreted from the Corpus Luteum?
Estradiol
Progesterone
What hormones are secreted from the placenta?
hCG - Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Estriol
Progesterone
hPL - Human Placental Lactogen
What type of hormone is stored in vesicles?
Peptide Hormones
What are amine hormones derived from?
Tyrosine
What are steroid hormones derived from?
Cholesterol
Describe the general synthesis pathway for peptide hormones?
DNA Transcribed into mRNA
mRNA Translated into Preprohormone
Preprohormone has signal peptide removed in ER, becoming a Prohormone
Prohormone sent to Golgi where it is packaged into a secretory vesicle, where proteolytic enzymes cleave it, forming into an active Hormone
What stimuli induce secretion of peptide hormones from vesicles?
Increase of intracellular Ca2+ via membran depolarization
OR
Activation of GPCR followed by increase in cAMP and activation of PKA
What is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus?
SCN is a control center that regulates a circadian rhythm of secretion of Hypothalamic Releasing Hormones and Endocrine axes