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Saliva > Dry Mouth > Flashcards

Dry Mouth Flashcards

1
Q

What is the meaning of symptom?

A

subjective evidence of a disease (xerostomia)

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2
Q

What is the meaning of a sign?

A

an objective physical finding (dry mouth)

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3
Q

When is the term xerostomia used?

A

the SYMPTOM of oral dryness.

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4
Q

When do we use the term dry mouth?

A

physical evidence of a condition. (SIGN)

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5
Q

what medications cause dry mouth (general category)

A

ANTI - MUSCARINICS

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6
Q

what drinks can cause dehydration?

A

tea and coffee

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7
Q

what is an indication of mouth breathing? What can mouth breathing cause?

A

Snoring. dry mouth

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8
Q

What are 3 diseases that can cause dry mouth?

A

sjogrens syndrome, hiv, sarcoidosis.

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9
Q

what are two “trick” things that DO NOT CAUSE DRY MOUTH

A

salivary gland obstruction, getting one of your major glands removed.

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10
Q

why can patients with dry mouth experience denture related problems? (2)

A

Need saliva to form the peripheral seal to keep upper denture in place.

lack of lubrication in FOM can cause lower denture to rub and cause traumatic ulcers.

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11
Q

SIGNS of dry mouth

A
  • saliva frothy
  • mirror sticks to tongue/ buccal mucosa
  • no saliva pooling in FOM
  • shortened papillae on tongue hence looks SMOOTHER than normal
  • lobulated/fissured tongue
  • smooth surface caries often cervical caries (2 or more )
  • glossy palate
  • debris sticking on palate or teeth
  • smooth gingivae
  • traumatic ulceration (due to lack of lubrication from dentures, restorations, sharp teeth)
  • poor denture retention
  • bacterial sialadenitis (staph aureus most common)
  • CANDIDOSIS (angular cheilitis, erythematous mucosa, thrush, denture stomatitis).
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12
Q

how is oral dryness assessed?

A

using the CHALLACOMBE SCALE

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13
Q

What are the scores in the challacombe? when to refer? what treatment?

A

1-3: mild dryness - routine check up and monitor. chewing gum (twice a day for 15 mins), hydration.
4-6: moderate dryness - must establish cause if not clear. gum or sialogogues. consider saliva substitutes and caries protection.
7-10: severe dryness - must determine cause and REFER (UNLESS SJOGRENS). saliva substitutes and topical fluoride.

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of bacterial sialadenitis?

A

staph aureus (can also cause glossitis)

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15
Q

what is the clinical presentation of thrush. Another name?

A
  • creamy white plaques
  • CAN BE WIPED and leave behind ERYTHEMA
  • pseudomembranous candidosis
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16
Q

what is the clinical appearance of acute erythematus. How to differentiate from other similar clinical appearance

A
  • normal areas of tongue mixed with smooth areas.
  • differentiate bacterial/ candidal from simple depapillation as there will be ERYTHEMA and SORENESS.
17
Q

What is the presentation of denture stomatitis

A

causes ERYTHEMA

18
Q

How to INVESTIGATE a dry mouth

A

measure unstimulated salivary flow rate
- whole saliva
- ideally 15mins, clinic 5mins
- dribble into cup - dont SPIT OR SPEAK
- normal 0.3 - 0.4ml/min
- SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED: LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.1ml/min

19
Q

What are the two main categories of options for managing dry mouth

A

stimulation (own saliva) vs replacement (saliva substitutes)

20
Q

what is an ingredient we recommend in chewing gum/ sweets? why?

A

XYLITOL - anti cariogenic properties

21
Q

WHat are some things (4 local and 1 systemic) we can use to STIMULATE salivary flow

A

Local:
1. sugar free chewing gum/ sweets
2. artificial saliva pastilles (salivix)
3. SST (saliva-stimulating tablets)
4. Xylimelts

Systemic:
1. pilocarpine (aceteyl choline esterase inhibitor)

22
Q

when do you not use salivix or SSTs?

A

when there is NOT residual salivary capacity as these are already ACIDIC

23
Q

what types of REPLACEMENTS can dentists prescribe?

A

Sprays: Xerotin, AS Saliva orthana

gels: biotene oralbalance

24
Q

What are 4 things we can do for PREVENTION of caries associated with dry mouth

A

dietary advice, fluoride (mouthwash 0.05% and/or toothpast 2800 or 5000), improve OH.

Saliva (5 decks)

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