Dry Eyes

Question 1

What role does the lips layer of the tear film play?

Answer 1

Prevents evaporation of the underlying aqueous layer

Question 2

If the there is obstruction to the tarsal glands, what can occur?

Answer 2

Increased evaporation of tears, leading to dry eyes

Question 3

Dry eyes can cause…

Answer 3

Damage to the ocular surface

Predisposition to infection

Question 4

What autoimmune conditions cause reduced tear production?

Answer 4

Sjögren’s syndrome

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 5

What medications can cause reduced tear production?

Answer 5

Antihistamines

Question 6

What test can be done to indicate reduced tear production?

Answer 6

Schirmer’s test - filter paper put overlapping lower lid, tears should soak > 15mm in 5 minutes if less than this suggests reduced production

Question 7

How can dry eyes be managed?

Answer 7

Depends on cause 
Treat condition e.g RA 
Artificial tears for symptomatic relief 
Lubricating drops
Reducing punctum size - cautery or laser