Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Cardiovascular System > Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hypertension > Flashcards

Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is mean pressure of blood dictated by

A

Resistance in small vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What property of the wall of arteries is important in regulating blood pressure

A

Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of elastic recoil of the arteries during ventricular relaxation (diastole)

A

To maintain the driving pressure, sending blood forwards into the rest of the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why does your systolic pressure increase as you age

A

Your arteries become stiffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the effects of high or inadequately controlled blood pressure

A

There are cardiac, cerebrovascular, vascular as well as other effects of high or inadequately controlled blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the cardiac effects of high blood pressure

A

Heart attack, angina and cardiac failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the cerebrovascular effects of high blood pressure

A

Stroke, TIA (transient ischaemic attack), multi-infarct dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the vascular effects of high blood pressure

A

Peripheral vascular disease, aortic aneurysm/rupture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the other effects of high blood pressure (not cardiac, cerebrovascular or vascular)

A

Renal damage, retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the rate of genetic heritability of hypertension

A

30-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

On what organ do most of the genes which affect blood pressure act

A

The kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What organ is important in regulating blood pressure

A

The kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What system within the kidney do genetic mutations affect

A

The renin-angiotensin system which is involved in vasoconstriction and fluid retention or loss (involving angiotensin II, aldosterone, ADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors can reduce hypertension

A
  • reduce salt intake
  • increase exercise
  • reduce saturated fat intake
  • reduce smoking
  • reduce alcohol intake
  • increase potassium intake
  • increase nitrate intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At what stage is high blood pressure considered to be pathological

A

When treatment does more good than harm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What drugs are the primary 4 drugs used to treat hypertension

A

ABCD

  • ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers
  • Beta-blockers
  • Calcium entry blockers
  • Diuretics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the ending of most ACE inhibitors

A

-pril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the ending of most angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

-sartan

19
Q

What is the ending of most beta-blockers

A

-olol

20
Q

What are four other drugs (not ABCD) used to treat hypertension

A

Alpha-adrenoceptor blockers, potassium channel openers, loop diuretics, mineralocorticoid antagonists.

21
Q

What is an example of an alpha adrenoceptor blocker than may be used in the treatment of hypertension

A

Doxazosin

22
Q

What is an example of a potassium channel opener that may be used in the treatment of hypertension

A

Minoxidil

23
Q

What are two examples of loop diuretics which may be used in the treatment of hypertension

A

Frusemide, torasemide

24
Q

What are two examples of mineralocorticoid antagonists which may be used in the treatment of hypertension

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

25
Q

Who would you most likely treat with ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers or beta blockers and why

A

Younger Eurasian people because they have the most renin.

26
Q

Who would you most likely treat with calcium channel entry blockers or diuretics and why

A

Older afro-Caribbean people because they have the least renin.

27
Q

What hypertension drugs can be used in combination

A

A+C or A+D and if required A+C+D

28
Q

Give three examples of ACE inhibitors

A

Enalapril, Lisinopril, Ramipril

29
Q

Give two examples of angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

Iosartan, Candesartan

30
Q

Give three examples of beta-blockers

A

Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol

31
Q

Give two examples of calcium antagonists

A

Nifedipine, Amiodipine

32
Q

Give one example of a diuretic

A

Bendroflumethiazide

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors

A

They inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme which is involved in the formation of angiotensin II which is a vasoconstrictor. They therefore block the renin-angiotensin system and dilate arteries.

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta-blockers

A

They block beta adrenoceptors in the heart and reduce cardiac rate and output.

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of calcium antagonists

A

They block the entry of calcium and result in dilatation of arteries.

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics

A

They inhibit Na+-Cl- symport and dilate arteries and veins. The result is loss of salts.

37
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

Cough and renal dysfunction

38
Q

What are the side effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

There are few

39
Q

What are the side effects of beta-blockers

A

Wheeze, cold peripheries, exercise intolerance, heart block, diabetes

40
Q

What are the side effects of calcium antagonists

A

Headaches, flushing, ankle swelling, tachycardia

41
Q

what are the side effects of diuretics

A

Impotence, rashes, low sodium, low potassium, high glucose

42
Q

Why may treatment for hypertension be ineffective

A

Due to the wrong combination of drugs - this will not work, inappropriately low doses, renal causes.

43
Q

What is the polypill

A

A possible new hypertension medication. Made up of low concentrations of lots of different medications to reduce side effects.

44
Q

What are the 5 drugs which make up the polypill

A

ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, diuretic, aspirin and statin.

The Cardiovascular System (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions