Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR II Exam 1 > Drugs to Treat HLD > Flashcards

Drugs to Treat HLD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal range for HDL cholesterol in men and women over the age of 20?

A

> 40 for men and >50 for women; diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome if low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are negative risk factors for CAD?

A

if HDL is >60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which agent is the best choice for increasing HDL cholesterol?

A

Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the appearance of plasma after a high fat meal?

A

Milky due to chylomicrons (i.e. their density)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the role of VLDL?

A

Synthesized and secreted by the liver to deliver TAG and cholesterol/cholesterol ester to the periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is niacin no longer recommended for treating dyslipidemia?

A

Because of the fact that CHD mortality was not decreased by niacin in some large clinical trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What keeps systemic levels of statins low while those in the liver high enough to exert their effects?

A

Enterohepatic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is sitosterolemia treated?

A

A rare condition where the body stores plant sterols and its homozygous form is treated with Ezetimibe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the 5th leading cause of death?

A

Stroke and its risk is increased by high cholesterol levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What adverse GI side effect is caused by bile acid sequestrants cholestyramine and colestipol?

A

Severe constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Fluvastatin?

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, low med subclass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a noteworthy cause of hypetriglyceridemia?

A

Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the percentage of LDL-C lowering seen with drugs such as simvastatin and lovastatin?

A

Low med

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Elevated glucose levels while fasting is a diagnostic criteria for what?

A

metabolic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What FA is in fish oil?

A

Docosahexaenoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Feces has increased levels of bile acids when drugs such as what are used to lower plasma cholesterol levels?

A

Colesevelam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the role of PCSK9?

A

synthesized by the liver and is secreted; it can then bind to LDL-R on the hepatocytes surface to trigger their destruction when endocytosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What drug class competitively blocks the formation of mevalonate (the first and RLS of cholesterol synthesis) aka HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Statins

19
Q

Which fibrate exerts its effects in part via activation of PPAR-alpha?

A

Fenofibrate

20
Q

An apple physique is used to describe people with what condition?

A

metabolic syndrome

21
Q

What is common with injections of monoclonal Abs?

A

injections reactions; seem to be more frequent for alirocumab than evolocumab

22
Q

Polygenic characterizes most instances of hereditary hypercholesterolemia other than those commonly referred to as what?

A

familial

23
Q

Colesevelam is a bile acid sequestrant with fewer what than others in this class?

A

Adverse effects

24
Q

Which drug should never be used with a statin?

A

Gemfibrozil (fibrate that exerts its effects in part via activation of PPAR alpha)

25
Q

What is PPAR-alpha?

A

transcriptional activator that mediates some if not most of the beneficial effects observed with fibrate therapy of hypertriglyceridemia

26
Q

Consuming fish oil can help lower what?

A

plasma triglyceride levels via inhibition of hepatic VLDL synthesis

27
Q

What is a rare inherited disorder that would preclude the use of colesevelam to lower plasma cholesterol levels?

A

Phenylketonuria

28
Q

What formation of niacin was associated with the more severe instances of hepatotoxicity?

A

Sustained release

29
Q

what is the process by which cholesterol enters the cell?

A

Endocytosis facilitated by a clarthin coat

30
Q

What is an unqualified reason to administer fibrates to a pt?

A

acute pancreatitis; risk for this condition is increased by hypertriglyceridemia especially when plasma levels exceed 1000

31
Q

Why are lornitapide and mipomersen classified as orphan drugs?

A

Because of their use to treat rare homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

32
Q

What transports chylomicrons to the bloodstream?

A

lymph

33
Q

What can help lower plasma triglyceride levels?

A

weight loss

34
Q

What is an example of snack that should be avoided to lower plasma cholesterol levels?

A

chocolate

35
Q

Which apolipoprotein is added to VLDL?

A

B100 and serves as a ligand for LDL receptor

36
Q

What is the role of lipoprotein lipase?

A

Located in the peripheral capillaries and stimualted by apo-CII; converts triglycerides to FFA for uptake by peripheral cells

37
Q

Common varieties of what food should be avoided to lower cholesterol?

A

Cheese

38
Q

What is an adverse effect associated with the use of gemifibrozil and statins?

A

myopathy; not observed when fenofibrate is used with statins

39
Q

What hormone raises triglyceride levels in women?

A

estrogens

40
Q

Which class of agents can help raise triglyceride levels?

A

Bile acid sequestrants; contraindicated if triglyceride levels are already significantly elevated (>400)

41
Q

What drug class is first choice when treating pts with hypercholesterolemia?

A

statins

42
Q

What is an example of a PCSK9 inhibitor?

A

Evolocumab

43
Q

LDL cholesterol is normally what value?

A

<100 in adults over the age of 20

CPR II Exam 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions