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CPR Exam 1 > Drugs to treat Endo-, Myo- and Pericarditis > Flashcards

Drugs to treat Endo-, Myo- and Pericarditis Flashcards

1
Q

what drug classes are used to treat myocarditis?

A 
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Aldosterone receptor blocker
Beta blockers
Diuretics
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2
Q

what is the common suffix for ACE inhibitors?

A

-pril

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3
Q

what is the common suffix for angiotensin II receptor blockers?

A

-sartan

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4
Q

what ACE inhibitors are used to treat myocarditis?

A

Baking Can Enable Fat Losers

Benazepril
Captopril
Enalapril
Fosinopril
Lisinopril
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5
Q

what are some adverse reactions of benazepril?

A 
alopecia
anaphylactic reactions
angina
angioedema
anxiety
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6
Q

what are contraindications for giving benazepril?

A 
ACE-inhibitor induced angioedema
agranulocytosis
ACE inhibitor hypersensitivity
aoritc stenosis
black patients (?)
bone marrow suppression
breast feeding
cardiomyopathy
CVD
children
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7
Q

what must be monitored when giving benazepril?

A

BP
creatinine/BUN
potassium
sodium

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8
Q

what are some adverse reactions of captopril?

A

abdominal pain
agranulocytosis
alopecia
anaphylactic reaction

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9
Q

what are contraindications for giving captopril?

A 
*Sulphur allergy*
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema
angioedema
ACE inhibitor hypersensitivitiy
aortic stenosis
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10
Q

what must be monitored when giving captopril?

A

BP
creatinine/BUN
potassium
sodium

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11
Q

what are some adverse reactions of enalapril?

A 
abd pain
alopecia
anaphylacic reaction
anemia
angina
angioedema
anorexia
anxiety
arrhythmia exacerbation
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12
Q

what are contraindications to giving enalapril?

A 
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema
angioedema
black patients
breast feeding
children
geriatric
heart failure
hepatic disease
hyperkalemia
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13
Q

what must be monitored when giving enalapril?

A

BP
LFTs
bilirubin

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14
Q

what is the black box warning of enalapril?

A

Fetal toxicity

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15
Q

what are some adverse reactions of fosinopril?

A 
abd pain
agranulocytosis
anaphylactic reaction
anemia
angina
angioedema
arthralgia
azotemia
bradycardia
bronchospasm
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16
Q

what are contraindications to giving fosinopril?

A 
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema
angioedema
ACE inhibitor hypersensitivity
aortic stenosis
autoimmune disease
black patients
bone marrow suppression
breast feeding
cardiomyopathy
CVD
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17
Q

what must be monitored when giving fosinopril?

A

BP
creatinine/BUN
potassium
sodium

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18
Q

what is the block box warning of fosinopril?

A

fetal toxicity

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19
Q

what are indications for giving benazepril?

A

HTN management

treatment for HF

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20
Q

what are indications for giving captopril?

A

HTN management
CHF
diabetic neuropathy
scleroderma

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21
Q

what are indications for giving enalapril?

A 
*stroke prophylaxis*
diabetic neuropathy
HF
HTN management
proteinuria
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22
Q

what are indications for giving fosinopril?

A

HF
HTN management
proteinuria

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23
Q

what are indications for giving lisinopril?

A

HTN management
HF
acute MI

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24
Q

what drugs interaction with lisinopril?

A

diuretics
antidiabetics
NSAIDs

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25
Q

what are contraindications to giving lisinopril?

A

hypersensitivity

angioedema

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26
Q

what are some adverse reactions to lisinopril?

A 
alopecia
anaphylacic reaction
anemia
angioedema
arthralgia
asthenia
azotemia
blurred vision
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27
Q

what is the black box warning of lisinopril?

A

fetal toxicity

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28
Q

what angiotensin II receptor blockers are used to treat myocarditis?

A

Valsartan

Losartan

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29
Q

what are indications for giving valsartan?

A

HTN management
HF
Post MI

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30
Q

what are adverse reactions of valsartan?

A 
allergic reaction 
asthenia
palpitations
pruritis/rash
constipation
dry mouth
myalgia
anxiety
dyspnea
vertigo
impotence
31
Q

what is the black box warning of valsartan?

A

fetal toxicity

32
Q

what are indications for giving losartan?

A

HTN management
stroke prevention
diabetic nephropathy

33
Q

what are some adverse reactions of losartan?

A 
abd pain
alopecia
anaphylacic reaction
anemia
angina
angioedema
anorexia
anxiety
arrhythmia exacerbation
34
Q

what are contraindications to giving losartan?

A 
ACE inhibitor induced angioedema
angioedema
black patients
breast feeding
children
geriatrics
HF
hepatic disease
hyperkalemia
hypotension
hypovolemia
35
Q

what must be monitored when giving losartan?

A

BP
LFTs
bilirubin

36
Q

what is the black box warning of losartan?

A

fetal toxicity

37
Q

what beta blockers are used to treat myocarditis?

A

Carvedilol - nonselective alpha and beta blocker
Bisoprolol - beta 1 blocker
Metoprolol - beta 1 blocker

38
Q

what are indications for giving carvedilol?

A

CHF
post MI left ventricular dysfunction
HTN management

39
Q

what are contraindications to giving cavedilol?

A 
bronchial asthma or bronchospamsic conditions
second or third degree AV block
severe bradycardia
hepatic impairement
hypersensitivity
40
Q

what are adverse reactions of carvedilol?

A 
dizziness
fatigue
hypotension
diarrhea
hyperglycemia
asthenia
bradycardia
weight gain
41
Q

what must be monitored when giving carvedilol?

A

BP

HR

42
Q

what can happen if you abruptly stop beta blockers?

A

acute exacerbation of coronary artery disease

43
Q

what are indications for giving bisoprolol?

A

angina
afib
CHF
HTN management

44
Q

what are contraindications for giving bisoprolol?

A

acute bronchospasm
acute HF
asthma

45
Q

what are adverse reactions of bisoprolol?

A 
acne
alopecia
angina
angioedema
arthralgia
asthenia
AV block
back pain
bradycardia
bronchospasm
cough
depression
46
Q

what must be monitored when giving bisoprolol?

A

BP
HR
creatitine/BUN

47
Q

what are indications for giving metoprolol?

A 
acute MI
angina
afib/aflutter
cardiomyopathy
HF
HTN management
migraine prophylaxis
tremor
CV mortality prevention
48
Q

what are contraindications for giving metoprolol?

A 
acute bronchospasm
acute HF
asthma
AV block
hypersensitivity
bradycardia
breast feeding
bronchitis
cardiogenic shock
CV disease
49
Q

what are some adverse reactions of metoprolol?

A 
abd pain
agranulocytosis
alopecia
amnesia
anxiety
arthralgia
AV block
blurred vision
50
Q

what must be monitored when giving metoprolol?

A

BP

HR

51
Q

what diuretic is used to treat myocarditis?

A

furosemide

52
Q

what are indications for giving furosemide?

A

edema associated with:
CHF
pulmonary edema
impaired GI absorption

53
Q

what are contraindications to giving furosemide?

A

anuria

hx of hypersensitivity

54
Q

what are adverse reactions of furosemide?

A 
water/electrolyte depletion
dry mouth
thirst
weakness
lethargy
myalgia
hypotension
oliguria
tachycardia
arrhythmia
N/V
55
Q

what drugs should not be used with furosemide?

A

aminoglycoside antibiotics

ethacrynic acid - ototoxicity

56
Q

what aldosterone receptor blocker is used to treat myocarditis?

A

spironolactone

57
Q

what are indications to giving spironolactone?

A 
CHF
edema management
HTN management
hepatic/nephrotic syndrome
primary hyperaldosteronism
58
Q

what are contraindications to giving spironolactone?

A

hypokalemia
addison’s disease
concomitant use of Eplerenone

59
Q

what are some adverse reactions of spironolactone?

A 
hyperkalemia
hypotension
impaired renal function
electrolyte dysfunction
gynecomastia
60
Q

what drugs interact with spironolactone?

A

agents that increase potassium
Lithium
NSAIDs

61
Q

what drugs are used to treat pericarditis?

A

glucocorticoids

NSAIDs

62
Q

what is the first line treatment for pericarditis?

A

NSAIDs

63
Q

when should glucocorticoids be used to treat pericarditis?

A

only in patients with NSAID contraindications:
history of peptic ulcer
> 65 y/o
concurrent use of ASA, corticsosteroids or anticoagulants

64
Q

what two drugs are the preferred NSAIDs for treating pericarditis?

A

ibuprofen

colchicine

65
Q

what are contraindications to giving ibuprofen?

A

acute gastric or duodenal ulcer
significant hepatic impairment or active liver disease
impaired renal function

66
Q

what are some adverse reactions of ibuprofen?

A

decreased appetite

edema/fluid retention

67
Q

what are some indications for giving colchicine?

A

gout

pericarditis

68
Q

what are contraindications to giving colchicine?

A

patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment

drugs that inhibit CYP3A4

69
Q

what are some adverse reactions of colchicine?

A

GI symptoms:
N/V
diarrhea
abd pain

70
Q

what drugs are used to treat endocarditis?

A 
antibacterials:
#1 choice is vancomycin because it covers staph, strep and enterococci
71
Q

what is a contraindication to giving vancomycin?

A

hypersensitivity

72
Q

what are adverse reactions to vacomycin?

A 
anaphylaxis
"red man syndrome" (that sounds racist)
AKI
hearing loss
neutropenia
C. diff
73
Q

what drugs interact with vancomycin?

A

anesthetic agents:

may cause erythema and histamine-like flushing

CPR Exam 1 (19 decks)

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