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PCL 200 > Drugs & the Brain > Flashcards

Drugs & the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

How do we Find Drugs to Treat Brain Disease?

A
  1. Start with natural product and isolate the psychoactive chemical
  2. Find the receptor(s) for that chemical
  3. Change the chemical structure to improve the drug to work for an indented purpose
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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A
  • how the body reacts with administered substances for the entire duration of exposure

(the amount of time it takes for a drug to get to your brain can determine how long it take for a drug to take effect)

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3
Q

Agonist

A

is a shape that will trigger the receptor to send a signal to the cell (the drug has effect)

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

it is a shape that will bind to the receptor but will not trigger the receptor to send a signal to the cell

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5
Q

Neurons= Salty Bananas b/c

A

Na+ are outside, while the K - are inside

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6
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters:

A

Glutamate & acetylcholine

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7
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters:

A

GABA & glycine

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8
Q

Ions with a positive charge (excitatory)

A
  • Na Sodium
  • Ca Calcium
  • K Potassium
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9
Q

Ions with a negative charge (inhibitory)

A
  • Cl Chloride
  • F Fluoride
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10
Q

CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

is required for higher
thought and reasoning,
consciousness

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11
Q

Two major divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS- brain and spinal cord
PNS- nerves- connect to spinal cord or brain

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12
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

sensory neurons and motor neurons- sensing environment, controlling voluntary movements and reflexes

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13
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

“self-governing” controls the body’s physiology along the endocrine system. The sympathetic ANS mobilizes the body for action

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14
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

initiating voluntary movement

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15
Q

Thalamus

A

information filter

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

endocrine system, hormone regulation

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17
Q

Amygdala

A

‘negative’ emotion

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18
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory formation

19
Q

Serotonin is associated with…

A

Raphe nucleus

20
Q

Dopamine is associated with…

A

Substantia nigra & ventral tegmentum

21
Q

Norepinephrine is associated with…

A

Locus coeruleus

22
Q

Endorphins are associated with…

A

Periaqueductal grey

23
Q

Sleep is associated with…

A

Reticular Formation

24
Q

Heart rate is associated with…

A

Medulla Oblongata

25
Q

Serotonin is the agonist of…

A

every serotonin receptor

26
Q

Every neuron will have…

A

GABA (quiet) receptors & glutamate (excite)

27
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinate and refine movements

28
Q

Addiction

A

a compulsion to do something despite adverse consequences

29
Q

Dependence

A

the body (as adjusted its physiology) is performing best when the drug is present (where there is dependence, there will be withdrawal)

30
Q

Clean drug

A

has only one receptor

31
Q

Dirty drug

A

has multiple receptors thus causes other effects

32
Q

Why is pill form usually optimal?

A

Liver eliminates poisons

33
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

Drugs must be a little bit fat soluble and a little charged

34
Q

Midbrain

A

cluster of cells that make the neurotransmitters that regulate pleasure, pain, attention, sleep, wakefulness and sexual arousal

35
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

touch sensation (Somatosensory) and taste (gustatory)

36
Q

Temporal lobe

A

hearing (audition)
Smell (olfaction)

37
Q

Myelinated axons carry…

A

the electrical signal more rapidly than unmyelinated axons

38
Q

The reticular activating system is located in

A

the pons (part of the brain that controls wakefulness)

39
Q

The upstream neuron (releases)

A

presynaptic

40
Q

The downstream neuron

A

postsynaptic

41
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

neurotransmitters that are synthesised by the upstream neurons and packed into spheres

42
Q

If a neuron is hyperpolarized by an inhibitory neurotransmitter…

A

it is less likely to fire

43
Q

Action potential sequence

A
  1. an excitatory neurotransmitter lands on
    dendrite
  2. Neuron is depolarized
  3. Depolarization spreads along cell body to axon
    hillock
  4. at the axon hillock, the neuron generates an action potential
  5. The action potential triggers calcium channels to open
  6. Calcium enters the axon terminal and causes the release of neurotransmitters

PCL 200 (11 decks)

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