Drugs for Pain

Question 1

Chemicals released during tissue injury or infection (inflammation)

Answer 1

prostaglandins

Question 2

Hyperalgesia

Answer 2

an increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain (the intense feeling of pain when touching a recently burned area of skin)

Question 3

Allodynia

Answer 3

pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain (a light feather touch)

Question 4

analgesics

Answer 4

medications that relieve pain

Question 5

Local anaesthetics

Answer 5

drugs that stop all action potentials- block voltage gated sodium channels of all neurons (example: lidocaine for dental work)

Question 6

NSAIDS

Answer 6

(antagonist) is a non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs – block production of prostaglandins

Question 7

Acetaminophen

Answer 7

unknown mechanism of action – does not affect prostaglandin production (Tylenol is an example of this, and it does not reduce swelling)

Question 8

Opioids

Answer 8

Opiates are derived from poppy (morphine, heroin, opium)
Opioids are drugs that activate the mu opioid receptor

Question 9

Pain Sensors

Answer 9

Nociceptors

Question 10

How do prostaglandins contribute to symptoms of inflammation?

Answer 10

Prostaglandins facilitate firing of peripheral nociceptors

Question 11

Common NSAIDS

Answer 11

Ibuprofen (Advil, Aleve), naproxen, aspirin, diclofenac

Question 12

Acetaminophen is not a NSAID because

Answer 12

it reduces pain (and fever) it does not reduce redness and swelling (not an anti-inflammatory)

Question 13

Opioids are…

Answer 13

agonists of the mu opioid receptor
- MORs are located in brain areas that control pain sensation and emotional response to pain

Question 14

antidotes for opioid overdose

Answer 14

Naloxone and other MOR antagonists

Question 15

Opioid concentration from lowest to highest

Answer 15

Morphine
Codeine
Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
Heroin
Fentanyl

Question 16

Affinity

Answer 16

refers to the “goodness of fit” between the drug and the receptor

Question 17

Oxycodone is a prescribed opioid that can be formulated as a slow-release medicine…

Answer 17

• Physicians were told by Purdue that oxycodone was not addictive because it was slow-release (this was a lie)

Question 18

Drugs that have a high potency…

Answer 18

have a better affinity for the receptor than drugs with a low potency

Question 19

Receptor desensitization

Answer 19

decreased responsiveness that occurs with repeated or chronic exposure to agonist

Question 20

The receptor activated by DMT

Answer 20

5HT2A

Question 21

partial agonist of mu opioid receptor

Answer 21

Buprenorphine (used with counseling for heroin addiction)