Drugs that affect the Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Thiazide diuretics and loops diuretics have different primary indications because of which important difference between them?
Thiazide diuretics require luminal perfusion to reach their active site.
Which of the following statements about beta-adrenergic blockers is correct?
Some beta-adrenergic blockers are cardioselective, blocking only beta1 receptors; others are not and also block beta2 receptors in smooth muscle.
During diuretic therapy, levels of which electrolyte should be monitored?
Potassium
The beta-adrenergic antagonist nebivolol:
Is highly cardioselective.
Which of the following agents is beta1 selective?
Atenolol
During diuretic therapy, which of the following should be monitored?
Renal function
Which type of diuretic is available only for oral use?
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Which of the following best characterizes the mechanism of action of diuretics?
Diuretics inhibit the transport of ions across the tubular membrane.
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of beta-adrenergic blockers?
Preventing sympathetic stimulation of the heart
Which of the following statements about angiotensin II receptor blockers is correct?
Renal alterations are less common than with ACE inhibitors.
When prescribing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, the advanced practice nurse may anticipate all of the following except:
Hypokalemia.
The HCN channel blocker ivabradine (Corlanor®) is contraindicated for CHF patients with:
Atrial fibrillation.
The only absolute contraindication to ACE inhibitor use is:
Bilateral renal artery stenosis.
The baseline laboratory evaluation of patients taking ACE inhibitors should include:
Urine protein.
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of which hormone that causes sodium and water retention in the kidneys?
Aldosterone
When considering the use of valsartan/sacubitril (Entresto®) for congestive heart failure, the NP considers all of the following except:
There are few significant drug-drug interactions.
The renin inhibitor, aliskiren, can significantly reduce the activity of:
Loop diuretics.
Which of the following agents attenuates the hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors?
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAIDS)
The most common adverse effects of calcium channel blockers are:
Related to vasodilation.
Which of the following drug classes is not recommended for the initial treatment of hypertension in the general non-Black population?
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Which of the following is recommended as prophylaxis in patients at high risk of a first myocardial infarction episode?
Low-dose aspirin
Which of the following agents should be considered in the initial treatment of hypertension in the general Black population, including those with diabetes?
Calcium-channel blockers
A potential adverse effect associated with the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors is:
Hypotension.
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?
Decreasing cardiac contractility by inhibiting calcium movement into the sarcomere (contractile unit of muscle)
Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to thiazide diuretics?
Gout
A patient with significant chronic CHF remains symptomatic despite therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenergic antagonists. Before adding digoxin, the advanced practice nurse should remember that:
Laxatives may potentiate hypokalemia.
Which of the following agents should be used as an initial or add-on treatment to improve kidney outcomes in patients in the general adult population who have chronic kidney disease and hypertension regardless of race or diabetes status?
ACE inhibitors
Which of the following should be the first class of drugs prescribed for a patient in decompensated, symptomatic CHF?
Loop diuretics
Which of the following is an action of nitrates?
Vasodilating coronary arteries
