Drugs that affect contraction and lactation Flashcards
What are drugs that stimulate contraction (and lactation)?
Oxytocin.
Vasopressin.
Prostaglandins.
What are drugs that inhibit contraction?
Nifedipin.
Atosiban.
Betametason.
What are indications for parenteral oxytocin in pregnancy/birth?
Initiation of childbirth
Stimulation of secondary impairment of contractions
Atonic hemorrhage post partum
What are indications for oxytocin as a nasal spray following pregnancy?
Lactation: Influence expulsion reflex to facilitate lactation / pumping.
Mastitis: Prophylaxis of mastitis. Relief from established mastitis
Where are oxytocin receptors found?
Myoepithelial cells in the mother, the myometrium and the endometrium of the uterus at the end of pregnancy.
In the CNS.
True or false: Oxytocin can be administered orally, intravenously and intramuscular.
False. Oxytocin cannot be given orally because it breaks down in the gastrointestinal tract.
What are side effects of oxytocin?
Fluid retention.
Uterine spasms are seen even at low doses.
Nausea, rash, cardiac arrhythmia, anaphylactoid reactions.
What are contraindications for oxytocin?
Mechanical mismatch or mechanical barrier to vaginal birth.
Fetal distress syndrome.
Hypertone uterine contractions.
What are the two main functions of vasopressin?
Tie water (antidiuretic). Contract blood vessels.
What is misoprostol (cytotec)? What are the effects of misoprostol (cytotec)?
Synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog.
It causes uterine contractions and cervix maturation
What are indications for misoprostol (cytotec)?
Induction of birth (unripe/immature cervix).
Prevention and treatment of post-partum haemorrhage.
Drug abortion and treatment after incomplete spontaneous abortions.
How is misoprostol (cytotec) administered?
Orally or vaginally.
What are side effects of misprostol (cytotec)?
Diarrhea occurs in 10-30% of patients.
Headaches occur.
What is nifedipin (adalat)? What is its mechanism of action?
A calcium antagonist.
Mechanism of action: Inhibits calcium influx into smooth muscle. Inhibits calcium-dependent myocyte contraction and vasoconstriction.
What is nifedipin?
Used as a first-line drug to inhibit contractions, possibly before the administration of Tractocile.
