Drugs Section 3 Flashcards
Diazepam (-am)
BENZODIAZEPINE. Facilitates GABA binding by binding to allosteric site on GABAa. When GABA binds, chloride channel opens and sedates our cell. Used for Depression and anxiety. Accumulates in adipose tissue. Dependence. Pass through placental and BBB. LONG DURATION OF ACTION.
Triazolam (-am)
BENZODIAZEPINE. For anxiety and depression by binding to GABAa and facilitating GABA binding. Withdrawal. Rebound effect. ULTRA SHORT DURATION
Benzodiazepine drugs end in;
-am for AMY
Lorazepam and bromazepam (-am)
BENZODIAZEPINE. Binds to GABAa and facilitates GABA binding. SHORT DURATION OF ACTION.
Alprazolam (-am)
BENZODIAZEPINE. Binds to GABAa to facilitate GABA binding and depress CNS calming us. MEDIUM DURATION OF ACTION. Very potent.
Zopiclone and Zolpidem
Non benzodiazepine drugs but they bind to benzodiazepine site. Tolerance and rebound effect is lower but cause same effect as benzodiazepines. Called Z drugs and they interact w Anesthesia.
Difference between 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics.
1st generation only targets D2 (typical drugs) and 2nd generation targets 5HT2A and D2 (atypical)
Antipsychotics try to block D2 (antagonists if D2) so they aren’t always stimulated.
Chlorpromazine (-ne) and halopendol
1st generation so they are more potent but have many side effects. Antagonists, block D2 receptor from dopamine stimulation.
Antipsychotics end in:
-ne (antipsychotics make you normal, ne ?)
Olanzapine and Risperidone (-ne)
2nd generation antipsychotics. Target 5 HT2A and D2 (serotonin and dopamine receptors). Extrapyramidal symptoms and hormonal disturbances.
What are extrapyramidal symptoms?
Movements which were once voluntary movements, now happen out of your control.
Impramine and amitriptyline
Tricyclic antidepressants. Inhibitors of 5HT and noradrenaline reuptake. Treatment of depression.
Fluoxetine
Antidepressants. 5HT reuptake inhibitors. Most commonly prescribed.
Moclobemide
MAO inhibitor. MAO is an enzyme which removes neurotransmitters from the brain. Rapid increase in serotonin (5HT), noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain. Used to treat depression.
Mirtazapine and Trazodone
Antagonists of presynaptic alpha 2 so they increase release of neurotransmitters. Treating depression.
How does a seizure occur?
In balance between excitatory - there is excess neural depolarisation. Too much calcium and sodium entering and causing neurotransmitter release and signal transduction.
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA bind and cause chlorine ions to enter the cell, it hyperpolarizes and inhibits signalling.
Gabapentin (-in)
Calcium channel inhibitor. Inhibits calcium entry and therefore neurotransmitters from being released. Used for epilepsy.
Carbamazepin, phenytoin and lamotrigin (-in)
Sodium channel inhibitors. Inhibits sodium from entering and signal transduction. Used for epilepsy.
Valproate and topiramate
Glutamate (neurotransmitter) inhibition which is used in epileptic patients.
Bromocriptine and apomorphine (-ne)
Dopamine receptor agonists. Used to treat Parkinson’s disease patients.
Biperidene
Anticholinergic drugs. Block the action of acetylcholine to top Parkinson’s disease shaking.
Selegiline, entacapone and tolcapone (-ne)
Inhibit dopamine metabolism so keeps it in the brains of Parkinson’s disease patients. Used for mono therapy of Parkinson’s.
Donezepil, galantamine and rivastigmine.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Acetyl choline is not broken down in Alzheimer’s patients so can maintain levels in brain.
Amantadine (-ne)
MOA unknown but treats Parkinson’s disease by increasing dopamine.
