Drugs Section 3

Question 1

Diazepam (-am)

Answer 1

BENZODIAZEPINE. Facilitates GABA binding by binding to allosteric site on GABAa. When GABA binds, chloride channel opens and sedates our cell. Used for Depression and anxiety. Accumulates in adipose tissue. Dependence. Pass through placental and BBB. LONG DURATION OF ACTION.

Question 2

Triazolam (-am)

Answer 2

BENZODIAZEPINE. For anxiety and depression by binding to GABAa and facilitating GABA binding. Withdrawal. Rebound effect. ULTRA SHORT DURATION

Question 3

Benzodiazepine drugs end in;

Answer 3

-am for AMY

Question 4

Lorazepam and bromazepam (-am)

Answer 4

BENZODIAZEPINE. Binds to GABAa and facilitates GABA binding. SHORT DURATION OF ACTION.

Question 5

Alprazolam (-am)

Answer 5

BENZODIAZEPINE. Binds to GABAa to facilitate GABA binding and depress CNS calming us. MEDIUM DURATION OF ACTION. Very potent.

Question 6

Zopiclone and Zolpidem

Answer 6

Non benzodiazepine drugs but they bind to benzodiazepine site. Tolerance and rebound effect is lower but cause same effect as benzodiazepines. Called Z drugs and they interact w Anesthesia.

Question 7

Difference between 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics.

Answer 7

1st generation only targets D2 (typical drugs) and 2nd generation targets 5HT2A and D2 (atypical)
Antipsychotics try to block D2 (antagonists if D2) so they aren’t always stimulated.

Question 8

Chlorpromazine (-ne) and halopendol

Answer 8

1st generation so they are more potent but have many side effects. Antagonists, block D2 receptor from dopamine stimulation.

Question 9

Antipsychotics end in:

Answer 9

-ne (antipsychotics make you normal, ne ?)

Question 10

Olanzapine and Risperidone (-ne)

Answer 10

2nd generation antipsychotics. Target 5 HT2A and D2 (serotonin and dopamine receptors). Extrapyramidal symptoms and hormonal disturbances.

Question 11

What are extrapyramidal symptoms?

Answer 11

Movements which were once voluntary movements, now happen out of your control.

Question 12

Impramine and amitriptyline

Answer 12

Tricyclic antidepressants. Inhibitors of 5HT and noradrenaline reuptake. Treatment of depression.

Question 13

Fluoxetine

Answer 13

Antidepressants. 5HT reuptake inhibitors. Most commonly prescribed.

Question 14

Moclobemide

Answer 14

MAO inhibitor. MAO is an enzyme which removes neurotransmitters from the brain. Rapid increase in serotonin (5HT), noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain. Used to treat depression.

Question 15

Mirtazapine and Trazodone

Answer 15

Antagonists of presynaptic alpha 2 so they increase release of neurotransmitters. Treating depression.

Question 16

How does a seizure occur?

Answer 16

In balance between excitatory - there is excess neural depolarisation. Too much calcium and sodium entering and causing neurotransmitter release and signal transduction.
Inhibitory neurotransmitters such as GABA bind and cause chlorine ions to enter the cell, it hyperpolarizes and inhibits signalling.

Question 17

Gabapentin (-in)

Answer 17

Calcium channel inhibitor. Inhibits calcium entry and therefore neurotransmitters from being released. Used for epilepsy.

Question 18

Carbamazepin, phenytoin and lamotrigin (-in)

Answer 18

Sodium channel inhibitors. Inhibits sodium from entering and signal transduction. Used for epilepsy.

Question 19

Valproate and topiramate

Answer 19

Glutamate (neurotransmitter) inhibition which is used in epileptic patients.

Question 20

Bromocriptine and apomorphine (-ne)

Answer 20

Dopamine receptor agonists. Used to treat Parkinson’s disease patients.

Question 21

Biperidene

Answer 21

Anticholinergic drugs. Block the action of acetylcholine to top Parkinson’s disease shaking.

Question 22

Selegiline, entacapone and tolcapone (-ne)

Answer 22

Inhibit dopamine metabolism so keeps it in the brains of Parkinson’s disease patients. Used for mono therapy of Parkinson’s.

Question 23

Donezepil, galantamine and rivastigmine.

Answer 23

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Acetyl choline is not broken down in Alzheimer’s patients so can maintain levels in brain.

Question 24

Amantadine (-ne)

Answer 24

MOA unknown but treats Parkinson’s disease by increasing dopamine.