Drugs Section 2

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Agonist of PSNS nicotinic and muscarinic - Relaxed response and increased secretion (might interfere with lungs and breathing)
Problem: also works on nicotinic receptors of SNS

Question 2

Pilocarpine

Answer 2

Agonist of PSNS binds to muscarinic receptors - Relaxed response and increased secretion (might interfere with lungs and breathing)

Question 3

Neostigmine -stay

Answer 3

Medium duration / reversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (doesn’t break down acetylcholine and therefore keeps PSNS stimulated.)

Question 4

Donepezil -do Pile on uncle don

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s drug! Medium duration / reversible Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (doesn’t break down acetylcholine and therefore keeps PSNS stimulated.)

Question 5

Epinephrine / adrenaline (-ine)

Answer 5

Agonist of adrenergic receptors both alpha (vasoconstriction and increased BP) and beta (increased heart rate B1 and bronchodilators B2). Stimulates SNS

Question 6

Clondine (-ine)

Answer 6

Binds to alpha 2 adrenergic receptor (which is presynaptic) and decreases activation of SNS. Can cause hypotension because BP drops when SNS is decreased.

Question 7

Salmeterol vs Salbutamol - M for ?, B for ?

Answer 7

M for MAN. METEROL -> long lasting beta 2 agonist (affects lungs) treatment of chronic asthma
B for BABY. BUTAMOL -> short lasting beta 2 agonist (affects lungs) treatment of acute asthma

Question 8

Prazosin and Doxazosin (-sin)

Answer 8

Alpha 1 antagonists (alpha causes vasoconstriction and muscle contraction) cause muscle relaxation and vasodilation. Used to treat hypertension.

Question 9

Phenylephrine and oxymetazoline (-ine)

Answer 9

Alpha 1 agonist, causes vasoconstriction and muscle contraction. Increased BP. Used as nasal decongestant. Careful with hypertensive patients.

Question 10

Isoproterenol

Answer 10

Non selective beta 1 agonist (so it also affects beta 2) so it causes vasodilation and heart to pump faster to treat emergency cardiac arrest. But it also negatively affects lungs by causing bronchodilation.

Question 11

Dobutamine

Answer 11

Selective beta 1 agonist. So it causes vasodilation and heart to pump more. Treatment of chronic cardiac insufficiency and acute heart failure.

Question 12

Propranolol (-lol)

Answer 12

Beta antagonists. Decreases heart rate, treats hypertension. Decreasing heart rate can lead to cardiac depression, a heart block, poor circulation and cold extremities.

Question 13

Atenolol (-lol)

Answer 13

Cardio selective beta 1 antagonist. Decreases heart rate, hypertension and diabetes.

Question 14

Carvedilol

Answer 14

Non selective alpha and beta antagonist. Used to treat heart failure because it …..

Question 15

Benzocaine and Tetracaine (-Caine). 2 so they are:

Answer 15

LOCAL ANAESTHETIC. These are esters and they block sodium channels so stop nerve signalling. Local anaesthetics can cross BBB. Anaesthetics can cause respiratory depression at high doses. Cause vasodilation.

Question 16

Lidocaine, bupivacaine and Mepivacaine (-caine). 3 so they are:

Answer 16

LOCAL ANAESTHETIC. Lidocaine is the most widely used LA. These are amides. and they block sodium channels so stop nerve signalling. Local anaesthetics can cross BBB. Anaesthetics can cause respiratory depression at high doses. Cause vasodilation.