Drugs Q1 Flashcards
Thymine (nucleoside) analog that is incorporated into retroviral DNA. Lacks a 3’-OH group, so additional nucleotides cannot be added.
Treats HIV/AIDS
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir)
Zidovudine (ZDV, AZT, Retrovir) is used to treat this
HIV/AIDS
Deoxyguanosine (nucleoside) analog used to treat herpes, chickenpox, and shingles.
Also affects mitochondrial DNA, so can cause bone marrow suppression on host DNA.
Acyclovir
Acyclovir is used to treat these viruses
Herpes, chickenpox, shingles
Pyrimidine analog used as a chemotherapy drug in acute myeloid lymphoma (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukema (CML), and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Combines a cytosine base with arabinose sugar, creating cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, which damages DNA and halts the cell cycle.
Can also inhibit viral DNA synthesis in herpes and vaccinia.
Ara-C (Cytarabine, Cytosine arabinoside)
Purine analog that is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Does not have a 3’-OH group, so results in retroviral chain termination. Used to treat HIV.
Didanosine (DDC)
Pyrimidine analog (similar to uracil and thymine). Is converted then inversely binds thymidylase synthase, preventing thymine nucleotide synthesis, DNA replication, and cell proliferation.
Used to treat cancers of the digestive tract.
5’-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Intercalating agent used to treat a variety of cancers.
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Intercalating agent used to treat Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Daunorubicin
Intercalating agent used to treat Wilm’s tumor, Ewing’s syndrome, and Rhabdomyosarcoma.
D-Actinomycin
Eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitor that impairs cell division.
Irinotecan (Campto)
Eukaryotic topoisomerase II inhibitor that interferes with strand rejoining, leading to double-stranded breaks in DNA and apoptosis.
Etoposide
Prokaryotic topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) inhibitor that is a fluorquinolone used to treat bacterial infections including Anthrax. Inhibits cell division on both gram negative and positive bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
