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NMSP Exam 3 > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is abstinence syndrome?

A
  • The signs and symptoms that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person
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2
Q

What is addiciton?

A
  • Compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health; formerly termed psychological dependence
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3
Q

What is a controlled substance?

A
  • A drug deemed to have abuse liability that is listed on governmental schedules of controlled substances. Such schedules categorize illicit drugs, control prescribing practices, and mandate penalties for illegal possession, manufacture, and sale of listed drugs
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4
Q

What is dependence?

A
  • A state characterized by signs and symptoms, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered; formerly termed physical or physiologic dependence
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5
Q

What is a designer drug?

A
  • Synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure but no major change in pharmacodynamic action.
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6
Q

What is tolerance?

A
  • A decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect
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7
Q

What is withdrawal?

A
  • Adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated
  • Withdrawal is the evidence of physical dependence
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8
Q

What is sensitization?

A
  • An increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug
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9
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of alcohol?

A
  • App. 1 hour per each serving
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10
Q

What are some other symptoms of alcohol?

A
  • Odor on breath
  • Slurred speech
  • Lack of coordination
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11
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of tobacco?

A
  • 20 minutes
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12
Q

What are some other symptoms of tobacco?

A
  • Odor on breath or clothes

- Stained fingers or teeth

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13
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of marijuana?

A
  • 2-4 hours
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14
Q

What are some other symptoms of marijuana?

A
  • Red eyes
  • Odor on breath or clothes
  • Eyelid tremors
  • Muscle tremors
  • Increased appetite
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15
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of inhalants?

A
  • 5 minutes to 8 hours
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16
Q

What are some other symptoms of inhalants?

A
  • Odor or residue on mouth or clothes
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Disoriented
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17
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of stimulants?

A
  • 5 minutes to 12 hours
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18
Q

What are some other symptoms of stimulants?

A
  • Jittery
  • Talkative
  • Runny nose or dry mouth
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19
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of depressants?

A
  • 1 to 16 hours
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20
Q

What are some other symptoms of depressants?

A
  • Disoriented
  • Drowsy
  • Uncoordinated
  • Slow, slurred speech
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21
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of hallucinogens?

A
  • 5 minutes to 12 hours
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22
Q

What are some other symptoms of hallucinogens?

A
  • Spacey
  • Hallucinations
  • Paranoia
  • Memory loss
  • Uncoordinated
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23
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of narcotics?

A
  • 4 to 24 hours
24
Q

What are some other symptoms of narcotics?

A
  • Sleepiness
  • Droopy eyelids
  • Soft, low voice
  • Euphoria
25
Q

What is the duration of symptoms of PCP?

A
  • 4 to 6 hours
26
Q

What are some other symptoms of PCP?

A
  • Confused
  • Aggressive
  • Sweaty
  • Repetitive
27
Q

What are the most commonly abused prescription drugs?

A
  • Painkillers
  • Depressants
  • Stimulants
28
Q

What are some signs of overdose with amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine?

A
  • Agitation
  • HTN
  • Tachycardia
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Hyperthermia
  • Seizures
  • Death
29
Q

What are some withdrawal symptoms of amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine?

A
  • Apathy
  • Irritability
  • Increased sleep time
  • Disorientation
  • Depression
30
Q

What are some signs of overdose with barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and ethanol?

A
  • Slurred speech
  • Drunken behavior
  • Dilated pupils
  • Weak and rapid pulse
  • Clammy skin
  • Shallow respiration
  • Coma
  • Death
31
Q

What are some withdrawal symptoms of barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and ethanol?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Delirium
  • Tremors
  • Seizures
  • Death
32
Q

What are some signs of overdose with heroin or other strong opioids?

A
  • Constricted pupils
  • Clammy skin
  • Nausea
  • Drowsiness
  • Respiratory depression
  • Coma
  • Death
33
Q

What are some drugs that are abused that are not necessarily addictive?

A
  • LSD
  • Mescaline
  • Psilocybin
  • Phencyclidine
  • Ketamine
34
Q

What is a long term effect of PCP?

A
  • May lead to irreversible schizophrenia-like psychosis
35
Q

What can LSD cause?

A
  • Flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption
36
Q

What is caffeine?

A
  • A chemical found in coffee, tea, cola, guarana, and other products
37
Q

What is caffeine most used for?

A
  • Used to improve mental alertness
38
Q

How can caffeine be used?

A
  • By mouth or rectally in combo with painkillers and a chemical (ergotamine) for migraines
  • Also used for simple headaches and treating headaches after epidural anesthesia
39
Q

What do people use caffeine by mouth for?

A
  • Asthma
  • ADHD
  • Memory
40
Q

What is the metabolism of alcohol?

A
  • Ethanol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism by gastric and liver alcohol dehydrogenase
41
Q

What is the typical metabolism of alcohol in people?

A
  • Average male can metabolize 7-10 grams of alcohol per hour, which is equivalent to approximately one drink
42
Q

What is done is acute alcohol intoxication?

A
  • Monitor respiratory depression and aspiration of vomitus
  • Glucose can treat metabolic alterations such as hypoglycemia and ketosis
  • Thiamine to protect against Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
43
Q

What is acute withdrawal syndrome?

A
  • Can be life threatening
  • Major pharmacological objective is to prevent seizures, delirium, and arrhythmias, electrolyte rebalancing, thiamine therapy
  • Benzodiazepines
44
Q

What is alcohol dependence?

A
  • Psychosocial therapy serves as the primary treatment for alcohol dependence
  • Often depression or anxiety disorders coexist with alcoholism and therapeutic intervention for these other psychiatric problems decreases the rate of relapse
45
Q

What are some drugs for the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
  • Oxazepam
  • Thiamine
46
Q

What are some drugs used for the prevention of alcohol abuse?

A
  • Acamprosate
  • Disulfiram
  • Naltrexone
47
Q

What are some drugs used for the treatment of acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?

A
  • Ethanol

- Fomepizole

48
Q

What is Naltrexone?

A
  • Approved for the treatment of alcohol and opiate dependence
49
Q

What is the MOA of naltrexone?

A
  • Mu opioid receptor antagonist
50
Q

What does naltrexone do?

A
  • Reduces the craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse to either drinking or alcohol dependence for the short term
51
Q

What must be done before starting naltrexone?

A
  • Individuals physically dependent on alcohol and opioids must be opioid free before initiating therapy because naltrexone precipitates an acute withdrawal syndrome
52
Q

What is the MOA of acamprosate?

A
  • Weak NMDA-receptor antagonist and GABA-A receptor agonist
53
Q

What does acamprosate do?

A
  • Reduces short term and long term relapse rates
54
Q

What is the MOA of disulfiram?

A
  • Irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in patients who drink alcoholic beverages
55
Q

What should not be given to patients on disulfiram?

A
  • Should not be given with any meds that contain alcohol

NMSP Exam 3 (18 decks)

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