Drugs of abuse Flashcards
1
Q
Benzo/EtOH intoxication
A
- Disinhibition
- Mood lability
- incoordination
- Slurred speech
- ataxia
- blackouts (EtOH)
- Respiratory depression
2
Q
Benzo/EtOH withdrawal
A
- Tremulousness
- HTN
- Tachycardia
- anxiety
- Psychomotor agitation
- nausea
- seizures
- hallucinations
- DTs (EtOH)
3
Q
Barbiturates intoxication
A
-Respiratory depression
4
Q
Barbiturates withdrawal
A
- Anxiety
- Seizures
- Delirium
- Life-threatening cardiovascular collapse
5
Q
Opioids Intoxication
A
- CNS Depression
- nausea
- vomiting
- sedation
- decreased pain perception
- decreased GI motility
- Pupil constriction
- respiratory depression
6
Q
Opioids withdrawal
A
- Increased sympathetic activity
- N/V
- diarrhea
- Diaphoresis
- Rhinorrhea
- Piloerection
- yawning
- stomach cramps
- myalgias
- arthralgias
- restlessness
- anxiety
- anorexia
7
Q
Amphetamines/cocaine intoxication
A
- Euphoria
- increased attention span
- aggressiveness
- psychomotor agitation
- pupil dilatation
- HTN
- tachycardia
- cardiac arrhythmias
- psychosis: paranoia with amphetamines, Formication with cocaine
8
Q
Amphetamines/cocaine withdrawal
A
Post-use “crash”:
- Restlessness
- headache
- Hunger
- severe depression
- irritability
- insomnia/hypersomnia
- strong psychological craving
9
Q
PCP intoxication
A
- Belligerence
- Impulsiveness
- Psychomotor agitation
- Vertical/horizontal nystagmus
- hyperthermia
- tachycardia
- ataxia
- psychosis
- homicidality
10
Q
PCP withdrawal
A
-May have recurrence of symptoms due to reabsorption in GI tract
11
Q
LSD intoxication
A
- Altered perceptual states (hallucinations, distortions of time and space)
- elevation of mood
- “bad trips” (panic reaction)
- flashbacks (reexperience of the sensations in absence of drug use)
12
Q
LSD withdrawal
A
none
13
Q
Cannabis intoxication
A
- Euphoria
- Anxiety
- Paranoia
- slowed time
- social withdrawal
- increased appetite
- dry mouth
- tachycardia
- amotivational syndrome
14
Q
Cannabis withdrawal
A
none
15
Q
Nicotine/Caffeine intoxication
A
- Restlessness
- insomnia
- anxiety
- anorexia
16
Q
Nicotine/Caffeine withdrawal
A
- Irritability
- Lethargy
- Headache
- increased appetite
- weight gain
17
Q
How long does Alcohol stay in system?
A
few hours
18
Q
How long does Cocaine stay in system?
A
2-4 days
19
Q
How long does Amphetamines stay in system?
A
1-3 days
20
Q
How long does PCP stay in system?
A
4-7 days
21
Q
What labs are elevated in PCP use
A
- Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
- AST
22
Q
Short acting barbiturate?
Long acting?
A
- Pentobarbital
- Phenobarbital
23
Q
How long does pentobarbital stay in system?
Phenobarbital?
A
- 24 hours
- 3 weeks
24
Q
How long does Lorazepam (short acting) stay in system?
-Diazepam (long acting)?
A
- up to 5 days
- up to 30 days
25
How long will Urine drug test remain positive for opioids, depending on use?
1-3 dyas
26
Which opioids will come up negative on a general screen so you need to order a separate panel?
- methadone
| - Oxycodone
27
how long will marijuana stay in system?
- after single use, about 3 days
- in heavy users, up to 4 weeks
- THC is released from adipose stores
28
Treatment of alcohol withdrawal?
- Benzodiazepine taper
| - Librium (Chlordiazepoxide) or Ativan (Lorazepam) are drugs of choice
29
Symptoms of amphetamine abuse?
- euphoria
- Dilated pupils
- increased libido
- tachycardia
- perspiration
- grinding teeth
- chest pain
30
Tactile and visual hallucinations are found in what 2 intoxications?
- Cocaine
| - PCP
31
This is a very short acting Benzo antagonist used for treating Benzo overdose.
Flumazenil
| -Use with caution when treating overdose, as it may precipitate seizures
32
In the treatment of Sedative-Hypnotics, what can be used to prevent further GI absorption (if drug was ingested in the prior 4-6 hours)
-Activated charcoal and gastric lavage
33
what is used in the treatment of barbiturates intoxication
-Alkalinize urine with sodium bicarbonate to promote renal excretion
34
What opioid is a common ingredient in cough syrup
Dextromethorphan
35
What opioid is the exception to opioids producing miosis
-Meperidine . . . "Demerol Dilates"
36
What is the treatment of choice for opiate overdose
Naloxone
37
What is the opioid receptor blocker that can be used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder
Naltrexone
38
Long acting opioid receptor agonist that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in opioid-dependent persons and is the "Gold standard" treatment in pregnant opioid-dependent women
Methadone
39
Eating large amounts of what can result in a urine drug screen that is positive for opioids
poppy seed bagels or muffins
40
This is a partial opioid agonist that is a sublingual preparation and is safer than methadone, as its effects reach a plateau and make overdose unlikely
Buprenorphine
41
What does Suboxone contain
- Buprenorphine and Naloxone
| - More commonly used, as this preparation prevents intoxication from IV injection
42
This is a competitive opioid Antagonist which precipitates withdrawal if used within 7 days of heroin. Good choice for highly motivated patients such as health care professionals
Naltrexone
43
This is a pill form of THC that is FDA-approved for certain indications
Dronabinol
44
What inhaled solvent may require chelation to treat
Leaded gasoline
45
Result of concurrent alcohol use with H2 blockers?
higher BALs
46
Result of concurrent alcohol use with Benzos, TCAs, narcotics, Barbiturates, and antihistamines
Increase Sedation
47
Result of concurrent alcohol use with Aspirin and NSAIDs
- prolonged bleeding time
| - Irritation of Gastric lining
48
Result of concurrent alcohol use with Metronidazole, sulfonamides, long-acting hypoglycemics?
Nausea and vomiting
49
Result of concurrent alcohol use with Reserpine, nitroglycerin, hydralazine?
Increased risk of hypotension
50
Result of concurrent alcohol use with Acetaminophen, isoniazid, and phenylbutazone?
increase hepatotoxicity
51
Result of concurrent alcohol use with Antihypertensives, antidiabetics, ulcer drugs, gout meds?
Worsen underlying disease
