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pharm III exam 1 > drugs of abuse > Flashcards

drugs of abuse Flashcards

1
Q

List the drugs of abuse that are CNS depressants

A
  • Alcohol
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Barbiturates
  • Opioids
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2
Q

List the drugs of abuse that are CNS stimulants

A
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamine
  • Methamphetamine
  • Nicotine
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3
Q

Physical Dependence

A
  • Chronic drug use causes adaptations in brain chemistry (neuroadaptations).
  • Intense physical disturbance when drug use is discontinued
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4
Q

Pscyhological dependence

A
  • Drug use becomes a habit.
  • A drug produces satisfaction and a drive to use it to avoid discomfort.
  • Dysphoria and intense craving occur following the withdrawal of an abused drug.
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5
Q

differentiate between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic tolerance

A
  • pharmacokinetic: increased metabolism
  • pharmacodynamic: receptor downregulation
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6
Q

differentiate between tolerance and sensitization. where does dose response curve shift

A
  • Tolerance: more durg required to produce effect
    • dose/reponse shifted to right
  • Sensitization: increase of responsiveness after repeated use
    • dose/response shifted to left
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7
Q

define addiction

A
  • drug taken to alleviate craving/dysphoria
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8
Q

does physiological dependence mean addiction

A

No, need euphoric feeling to have addiction

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9
Q

What is the reward pathway

A
  • mesolimbic dopamine pathway
    • ​ventral tegmental area (VTA) -> nucleus accumbens (NAc) -> Prefrontal cortex.
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10
Q

MOA of Amphetamines

A
  • increases dopamine by reversing dopamine transport through the DAT (dopamine transporter)
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11
Q

Medical uses of amphetamines

A
  • Narcolepsy and ADHD
  • Ritalin and Adderall
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12
Q

withdrawal of amphetamines causes

A
  • fatigue
  • increased appetite
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13
Q

MOA of Methamphetamine (ICE, cystal meth)

A
  • increases release of dopamine by reverse transport through DAT
  • increases release of NE
    • *both in basal ganglia
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14
Q

adverse effects of Methamphetamine

A
  • amphetamine psychosis
  • rapid physical and psychological dependence
  • cardiac toxicity -> pulmonary edema and heart failure
  • odor (hyperthermia)
  • dental problems
  • “Meth bugs”
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15
Q

Methamphetamine causes what to happen to dopamine transporters? What is the effect?

A
  • loss of DA transporters
    • slowing of motor response and memory impairment
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16
Q

MOA of Cocaine

A
  • inhibits DA reuptake -> inc dopamine in synapse
  • CNS stimulation
    • craving can be severe
    • physical and psychological dependence
17
Q

chronic cocaine use leads to what

A
  • reduction in overall brain activity
  • “cocaine bugs”
  • intense physiological dependence
18
Q

Use of Bromocriptine in tx of cocaine addicts

A
  • dopamine agonist
  • decreases craving for cocaine
19
Q

MOA of Nicotine

A
  • activates nicotinic receptors (Na channels) in the CNS and periphery
  • increases 5-HT and DA release
20
Q

Metabolism of Nicotine

A
  • metabolized by and induces CYP450s
21
Q

Use of Bupropion in nicotine addiction

A

used to tx nicotine craving

22
Q

MOA of MDMA “Ecstasy”

A
  • increases 5-HT activity by blocking reuptake and stimulating 5-HT receptors
  • not considered drug of abuse because does not affect reward pathway
23
Q

adverse effects of MDMA “Ecstasy”

A
  • hyperthermia, dehydration, kidney failures
  • can lead to fatalities
24
Q

list the effects during ecstasy and after

A
  • during ecstasy -> increased 5-HT -> elevated mood
  • after ecstasy -> decreased 5-HT -> depression like feelings, irritability
25
Q

long term effects of after ecstasy

A
  • neurotoxicity!
  • loss of serotonin receptors
26
Q

can marijuana cause physical and/or psychological dependence

A
  • no physical dependence
  • psychological dependence possible
27
Q

MOA of cannabinoids

A
  • targets presynaptic cannabinoid (CB1) receptors
  • inhibits neurotransmitter release (ACh and glutamate)
28
Q

adverse effects of marijuana

A
  • anxiety
  • decreased memory
  • impaired cognitive functioning
  • amotivational syndrome
29
Q

what are bath salts? what do they cause?

A
  • synthetic cannabinoid agonists
  • psychoactive effects -> paranoia, hallucination, aggression
30
Q

MOA of LSD: Lysergic acid diethylamide

A
  • acts on 5-HT receptors in the brain
    • don’t cause dependence, don’t stimulate DA pathways
31
Q

LSD: Lysergic acid diethylamide causes what main symptom

A
  • synesthesia: one sensory modality assumes the characteristics of another (colors can be heard or sounds may be seen)
32
Q

MOA of PCP (angel dust) and Ketamine

A
  • NMDA receptor antagonist
33
Q

MOA of GHB

A
  • GABA receptor weak agonist
34
Q

PCP often produces psychosis, treat with what

A

Haloperidol

35
Q

effect of inhalants

A

produces sense of euphoria , mechanism unknown

36
Q

Nitrous oxide causes what with chronic use

A

peripheral neuropathy

37
Q

function of Amyl and Butyl Nitrite

A
  • smooth muscle relaxants -> – produce sense of euphoria

pharm III exam 1 (11 decks)

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