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drug names Flashcards

1
Q

morphine

A
  • acts on all opioid receptors
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2
Q

hydromorphone

A

acts on all opioid receptors

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3
Q

Methadone

A
  • Mu agonist
  • blocks NMDA
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4
Q

Meperidine

A
  • Mu agonist
  • NE/5HT reuptake inhibitor
  • anticholinergic
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5
Q

Fentanyl

A
  • lipid soluble
  • highly potent opioid
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6
Q

hydrocodone

A
  • opioid used for moderate to severe pain
  • met by CYP2D6
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7
Q

Oxycodone

A
  • opioid used for moderate to severe pain
  • met by CYP2D6 to active form
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8
Q

tramadol

A
  • weak mu agonist
  • inhibits NE/5HT reuptake
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9
Q

Pentazocine

A
  • Kappa agonist
  • partial Mu agonist
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10
Q

Buprenorphine

A
  • Mu partial agonist
  • combined with naloxone
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11
Q

Nalaxone

A

opioid antagonist

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12
Q

Naltrexone

A
  • opioid antagonist
  • PO, long acting
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13
Q

Dextromethorphan

A
  • blocks NMDA
  • decrease 5HT reuptake
  • cough
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14
Q

codeine

A
  • converted by 2D6 to morphine
  • cough suppressant
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15
Q

Fomepizole

A
  • alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
  • used for methanol poisoning
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16
Q

Disulfiram

A
  • inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
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17
Q

Acamprosate

A
  • GABA analog
  • restores normal balance of GABA and glutamate
  • decreases craving
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18
Q

Diazepam

A
  • long acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
  • DOC: status epilepticus
  • muscle relaxant
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19
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A
  • long acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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20
Q

Flurazepam

A
  • long acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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21
Q

Midazolam

A
  • short acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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22
Q

Alprazolam

A
  • intermediate acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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23
Q

Lorazepam

A
  • intermediate acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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24
Q

Oxazepam

A
  • intermediate acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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25
Flumazenil
BZ antagonist
26
Pentobarbital
* Barbituate * GABAA agonist * independent of GABA
27
Phenobarbital
* Barbituate * GABAA agonist, independent of GABA * anticonvulsant
28
Thiopental
* Barbituate * GABAA agonist, independent of GABA * short acting, induction of anesthesia
29
zolpidem
* "Z drug" * bind to BZ GABA receptor
30
Zaleplon
* "Z drug" * bind to BZ GABA receptor
31
Eszopiclone
* "Z drug" * bind to BZ GABA receptor * long half life, long term tx
32
ramelteon
* melatonin analogue * resets sleep wake cycle, good for addicts
33
Buspirone
* acts on **5HT** receptor * **relieves anxiety** with no sedation * good for addicts
34
Chloral hydrate
* converts to metabolite that acts on GABAa * cheap
35
Phenytoin
* prolongs inactivation of Na channels * partial/TC sz
36
Fosphenytoin
* prolongs inactivation of Na channels * partial/TC sz * injectable form
37
Carbamazepine
* blocks Na channels (dec glutamate) * DOC: partial sz * trigeminal neuralgia * Refractory bipolar
38
Gabapentin
* GABA analog * adjunct partial/TC sz * neuropathic pain
39
Levetricetam
* binds to SV2A * partial sz
40
Lamotrigine
* inactivate voltage dependent Na channels * partial sz * bipolar * half life doubled with valproic acid
41
Topiramate
* blocks Na channels * partial and TC sz
42
Tiagabine
* inhibits reuptake of GABA via GAT-1
43
Vigabatrin
* irreversibely inhibits GABA transaminases * refractory complex partial sz
44
Ethosuximide
* inhibit T type Ca2+ channels * DOC: absence
45
Valproic acid
* blocks Ca+ channels and Na+ channels * second choice for absence, mixed sz * rapid cycling manic/depressive phases
46
Clonazepam
* BZ * absence seizures
47
Amitriptyline
* Tricyclic antidepressant * tertiary amine, inhibits 5HT reuptake
48
Imipramine
* Tricyclic antidepressant * tertiary amine, inhibits 5HT reuptake
49
Nortriptyline
* Tricyclic antidepressant * secondary amine, inhibits NE reuptake
50
Desipramine
* Tricyclic antidepressant * secondary amine, inhibits NE reuptake
51
Fluoxetine
* SSRI * inhibit 5HT reuptake
52
Paroxetine
* SSRI * inhibit 5HT reuptake * OCD, social anxiety
53
Sertaline
* SSRI * inhibit 5HT reuptake
54
Citalopram
* SSRI * inhibit 5HT reuptake * DOC: depression
55
Venlaxfaxine
* SNRI * inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
56
Duloxetine
* SNRI * inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
57
Phenelzine
* MAOI * inhibits MAO A (DA, NE, 5HT in CNS, peripheral) and B (DA in CNS)
58
Selegiline
* inhibits MAO B * increases dopamine
59
Buproprion
* inhibits DA reuptake * ADHD, alcoholism, smoking
60
Metratazpine
* blocks presynaptic a2 -\> enhances release of NE and 5HT * blocks 5HT in other places * blocks histamine * use: depression and insomnia
61
Trazodone
* 5HT receptor antagonist * sleep aid
62
st johns wart
* increases 5HT * mild depression
63
Atomoxetine
* selective NE reuptake inhibitor * ADHD, good for addicts
64
Chlorpromazine
* classic antipsychotic * blocks DA D2 receptor * anticholinergic activity -\> low EPS
65
Haloperidol
* classic antipsychotic * blocks DA D2 receptor * no anticholingeric -\> high EPS
66
Clozapine
* atypical antipsychotic * blocks 5HT, DA D4 and some D2 * agranulocytosis
67
Olanzapine
* atypical antipsychotic * blocks 5HT, DA D4 and D2 * hyperglycemia
68
Quetiapine
* atypical antipsychotic * blocks 5HT, DA D4 and D2 * sedating
69
Aripiprazole
* DA system stabilizer * atypical antipsychotic
70
Risperidone
* atypical antipsychotic * blocks 5HT, DA D2 * First line: psychosis
71
Ziprisadone
* atypical antipsychotic * blocks 5HT, DA D2 * some antidepressant
72
Lithium
* DOC: bipolar * mood stabilizer * no metabolism
73
Donepezil
* cholinesterase inhibitor * tx alzheimers
74
Rivastigmine
* cholinesterase inhibitor * tx alzheimers
75
Galantamine
* cholinesterase inhibitor * tx alzheimers
76
Memantine
* NMDA receptor antagonist (reduces excitatory effects of glutamate) * tx late stages alzheimers
77
Levodopa
* converts to DA, 1-3% gets into CNS * bradykinesia
78
Carbidopa
* inhibits dopa decarboxylase in periphery
79
Entacapone
* COMT inhibitor in periphery * increases pool of L-dopa for transport into brain
80
Bromocriptine
* DA D2 agonist-ergot derivative
81
Pramipexole
* DA D2 agonist * monotherapy in mild parkinsons
82
Ropinirole
* DA D2 agonist * monotherapy in mild parkinsons
83
Apomorphine
* DA D2 agonist * rescue for on/off phenomenon in parkinsons
84
Amantadine
* antiviral for flu * increases DA neurotransmission * tx early parkinsons
85
Benzotropine
* muscarinic receptor antagonist * restores DA and ACh balance * tx: parkinsons: rigidity and tremor
86
Trihexphenidyl
* muscarinic receptor antagonist * restores DA and ACh balance * tx: parkinsons: rigidity and tremor
87
Procaine
* local anesthetic: ester * infiltration anesthesia, diagnostic nerve blocks
88
Tetracaine
* local anesthetic: ester * long duration of action * ophthalmologic use
89
Benzocaine
* local anesthetic: ester * topical * always nonionized form
90
Cocaine
* local anesthetic: ester - topical * CNS stimulant: inhibits DA reuptake
91
Lidocaine
* local anesthetic: amide * intermediate duration of action * not for spinal: risk of TNS
92
Prilocaine
* local anesthetic: amide * highest rate of clearance
93
Bupivacaine
* local anesthetic: amide * long duration of action * epidural * more potent sensory than motor * cardiotoxicity
94
Ropivacaine
* local anesthetic: amide * long duration of action * S enantiomer of bupivacaine, cleared better * vasoconstriction
95
Etidocaine
* local anesthetic: amide * inverse differential block: blocks motor
96
Mepivacaine
* local anesthetic: amide * medium duration of action
97
Articaine
* local anesthetic: amide but also has ester group * dental
98
Dibucaine
* local anesthetic: amide * dibucaine number: measures butyrylcholinesterase activity
99
Baclofen
* GABAB agonist * muscle relaxant
100
Tizanidine
* a2 receptor agonist * muscle relaxant * sedation
101
Dantrolene
* inhibits Ca release from SR * tx: neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia
102
Botulinum toxin
* inhibits ACh release at NMJ * tx local muscle spasms following stroke
103
Cyclobenzaprine
* acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity * tx: acute local muscle spasm
104
Carisoprodol
* acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity * tx: acute local muscle spasm
105
Metaxalone
* acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity * tx: acute local muscle spasm
106
Methocarbamol
* acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity * tx: acute local muscle spasm
107
Amphetamine
* increase release of DA * reverse DA transport through DAT
108
Methamphetamine
* increase release of DA * reverse DA transport through DAT * CNS stimulant
109
Nicotine
* activates nicotinic receptors to increase release of 5HT and DA
110
MDMA (ecstasy)
* increases 5HT by blocking reuptake and stimulating 5HT receptors
111
Marijuana
* bind to presynaptic cannabinoid receptors * inhibit release of ACh and glutamate
112
Bath salts
* synthetic cannabinoid agonist
113
LSD
* act on 5HT receptors on brain
114
PCP (angel dust, ketamine)
* NMDA receptor antagonist
115
GMH
* GABA receptor weak agonist
116
Nitrous oxide
* inhaled drug * causes peripheral neuropathy with chronic use

pharm III exam 1 (11 decks)

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