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pharm III exam 1 > drug names > Flashcards

drug names Flashcards

1
Q

morphine

A
  • acts on all opioid receptors
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2
Q

hydromorphone

A

acts on all opioid receptors

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3
Q

Methadone

A
  • Mu agonist
  • blocks NMDA
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4
Q

Meperidine

A
  • Mu agonist
  • NE/5HT reuptake inhibitor
  • anticholinergic
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5
Q

Fentanyl

A
  • lipid soluble
  • highly potent opioid
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6
Q

hydrocodone

A
  • opioid used for moderate to severe pain
  • met by CYP2D6
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7
Q

Oxycodone

A
  • opioid used for moderate to severe pain
  • met by CYP2D6 to active form
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8
Q

tramadol

A
  • weak mu agonist
  • inhibits NE/5HT reuptake
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9
Q

Pentazocine

A
  • Kappa agonist
  • partial Mu agonist
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10
Q

Buprenorphine

A
  • Mu partial agonist
  • combined with naloxone
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11
Q

Nalaxone

A

opioid antagonist

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12
Q

Naltrexone

A
  • opioid antagonist
  • PO, long acting
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13
Q

Dextromethorphan

A
  • blocks NMDA
  • decrease 5HT reuptake
  • cough
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14
Q

codeine

A
  • converted by 2D6 to morphine
  • cough suppressant
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15
Q

Fomepizole

A
  • alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor
  • used for methanol poisoning
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16
Q

Disulfiram

A
  • inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
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17
Q

Acamprosate

A
  • GABA analog
  • restores normal balance of GABA and glutamate
  • decreases craving
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18
Q

Diazepam

A
  • long acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
  • DOC: status epilepticus
  • muscle relaxant
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19
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A
  • long acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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20
Q

Flurazepam

A
  • long acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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21
Q

Midazolam

A
  • short acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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22
Q

Alprazolam

A
  • intermediate acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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23
Q

Lorazepam

A
  • intermediate acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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24
Q

Oxazepam

A
  • intermediate acting BZ
  • binds to GABAA, needs GABA
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25
Q

Flumazenil

A

BZ antagonist

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26
Q

Pentobarbital

A
  • Barbituate
  • GABAA agonist
  • independent of GABA
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27
Q

Phenobarbital

A
  • Barbituate
  • GABAA agonist, independent of GABA
  • anticonvulsant
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28
Q

Thiopental

A
  • Barbituate
  • GABAA agonist, independent of GABA
  • short acting, induction of anesthesia
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29
Q

zolpidem

A
  • “Z drug”
  • bind to BZ GABA receptor
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30
Q

Zaleplon

A
  • “Z drug”
  • bind to BZ GABA receptor
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31
Q

Eszopiclone

A
  • “Z drug”
  • bind to BZ GABA receptor
  • long half life, long term tx
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32
Q

ramelteon

A
  • melatonin analogue
  • resets sleep wake cycle, good for addicts
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33
Q

Buspirone

A
  • acts on 5HT receptor
  • relieves anxiety with no sedation
  • good for addicts
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34
Q

Chloral hydrate

A
  • converts to metabolite that acts on GABAa
  • cheap
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35
Q

Phenytoin

A
  • prolongs inactivation of Na channels
  • partial/TC sz
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36
Q

Fosphenytoin

A
  • prolongs inactivation of Na channels
  • partial/TC sz
  • injectable form
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37
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  • blocks Na channels (dec glutamate)
  • DOC: partial sz
  • trigeminal neuralgia
  • Refractory bipolar
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38
Q

Gabapentin

A
  • GABA analog
  • adjunct partial/TC sz
  • neuropathic pain
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39
Q

Levetricetam

A
  • binds to SV2A
  • partial sz
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40
Q

Lamotrigine

A
  • inactivate voltage dependent Na channels
  • partial sz
  • bipolar
  • half life doubled with valproic acid
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41
Q

Topiramate

A
  • blocks Na channels
  • partial and TC sz
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42
Q

Tiagabine

A
  • inhibits reuptake of GABA via GAT-1
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43
Q

Vigabatrin

A
  • irreversibely inhibits GABA transaminases
  • refractory complex partial sz
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44
Q

Ethosuximide

A
  • inhibit T type Ca2+ channels
  • DOC: absence
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45
Q

Valproic acid

A
  • blocks Ca+ channels and Na+ channels
  • second choice for absence, mixed sz
  • rapid cycling manic/depressive phases
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46
Q

Clonazepam

A
  • BZ
  • absence seizures
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47
Q

Amitriptyline

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant
  • tertiary amine, inhibits 5HT reuptake
48
Q

Imipramine

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant
  • tertiary amine, inhibits 5HT reuptake
49
Q

Nortriptyline

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant
  • secondary amine, inhibits NE reuptake
50
Q

Desipramine

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressant
  • secondary amine, inhibits NE reuptake
51
Q

Fluoxetine

A
  • SSRI
    • inhibit 5HT reuptake
52
Q

Paroxetine

A
  • SSRI
  • inhibit 5HT reuptake
  • OCD, social anxiety
53
Q

Sertaline

A
  • SSRI
  • inhibit 5HT reuptake
54
Q

Citalopram

A
  • SSRI
  • inhibit 5HT reuptake
  • DOC: depression
55
Q

Venlaxfaxine

A
  • SNRI
  • inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
56
Q

Duloxetine

A
  • SNRI
  • inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake
57
Q

Phenelzine

A
  • MAOI
  • inhibits MAO A (DA, NE, 5HT in CNS, peripheral) and B (DA in CNS)
58
Q

Selegiline

A
  • inhibits MAO B
    • increases dopamine
59
Q

Buproprion

A
  • inhibits DA reuptake
  • ADHD, alcoholism, smoking
60
Q

Metratazpine

A
  • blocks presynaptic a2 -> enhances release of NE and 5HT
  • blocks 5HT in other places
  • blocks histamine
  • use: depression and insomnia
61
Q

Trazodone

A
  • 5HT receptor antagonist
  • sleep aid
62
Q

st johns wart

A
  • increases 5HT
  • mild depression
63
Q

Atomoxetine

A
  • selective NE reuptake inhibitor
  • ADHD, good for addicts
64
Q

Chlorpromazine

A
  • classic antipsychotic
  • blocks DA D2 receptor
  • anticholinergic activity -> low EPS
65
Q

Haloperidol

A
  • classic antipsychotic
  • blocks DA D2 receptor
  • no anticholingeric -> high EPS
66
Q

Clozapine

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • blocks 5HT, DA D4 and some D2
  • agranulocytosis
67
Q

Olanzapine

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • blocks 5HT, DA D4 and D2
  • hyperglycemia
68
Q

Quetiapine

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • blocks 5HT, DA D4 and D2
  • sedating
69
Q

Aripiprazole

A
  • DA system stabilizer
  • atypical antipsychotic
70
Q

Risperidone

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • blocks 5HT, DA D2
  • First line: psychosis
71
Q

Ziprisadone

A
  • atypical antipsychotic
  • blocks 5HT, DA D2
  • some antidepressant
72
Q

Lithium

A
  • DOC: bipolar
  • mood stabilizer
  • no metabolism
73
Q

Donepezil

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • tx alzheimers
74
Q

Rivastigmine

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • tx alzheimers
75
Q

Galantamine

A
  • cholinesterase inhibitor
  • tx alzheimers
76
Q

Memantine

A
  • NMDA receptor antagonist (reduces excitatory effects of glutamate)
  • tx late stages alzheimers
77
Q

Levodopa

A
  • converts to DA, 1-3% gets into CNS
  • bradykinesia
78
Q

Carbidopa

A
  • inhibits dopa decarboxylase in periphery
79
Q

Entacapone

A
  • COMT inhibitor in periphery
    • increases pool of L-dopa for transport into brain
80
Q

Bromocriptine

A
  • DA D2 agonist-ergot derivative
81
Q

Pramipexole

A
  • DA D2 agonist
  • monotherapy in mild parkinsons
82
Q

Ropinirole

A
  • DA D2 agonist
  • monotherapy in mild parkinsons
83
Q

Apomorphine

A
  • DA D2 agonist
  • rescue for on/off phenomenon in parkinsons
84
Q

Amantadine

A
  • antiviral for flu
  • increases DA neurotransmission
  • tx early parkinsons
85
Q

Benzotropine

A
  • muscarinic receptor antagonist
  • restores DA and ACh balance
  • tx: parkinsons: rigidity and tremor
86
Q

Trihexphenidyl

A
  • muscarinic receptor antagonist
  • restores DA and ACh balance
  • tx: parkinsons: rigidity and tremor
87
Q

Procaine

A
  • local anesthetic: ester
  • infiltration anesthesia, diagnostic nerve blocks
88
Q

Tetracaine

A
  • local anesthetic: ester
  • long duration of action
  • ophthalmologic use
89
Q

Benzocaine

A
  • local anesthetic: ester
  • topical
  • always nonionized form
90
Q

Cocaine

A
  • local anesthetic: ester - topical
  • CNS stimulant: inhibits DA reuptake
91
Q

Lidocaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • intermediate duration of action
  • not for spinal: risk of TNS
92
Q

Prilocaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • highest rate of clearance
93
Q

Bupivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • long duration of action
  • epidural
  • more potent sensory than motor
  • cardiotoxicity
94
Q

Ropivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • long duration of action
  • S enantiomer of bupivacaine, cleared better
  • vasoconstriction
95
Q

Etidocaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • inverse differential block: blocks motor
96
Q

Mepivacaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • medium duration of action
97
Q

Articaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide but also has ester group
  • dental
98
Q

Dibucaine

A
  • local anesthetic: amide
  • dibucaine number: measures butyrylcholinesterase activity
99
Q

Baclofen

A
  • GABAB agonist
  • muscle relaxant
100
Q

Tizanidine

A
  • a2 receptor agonist
  • muscle relaxant
  • sedation
101
Q

Dantrolene

A
  • inhibits Ca release from SR
  • tx: neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia
102
Q

Botulinum toxin

A
  • inhibits ACh release at NMJ
  • tx local muscle spasms following stroke
103
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A
  • acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity
  • tx: acute local muscle spasm
104
Q

Carisoprodol

A
  • acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity
  • tx: acute local muscle spasm
105
Q

Metaxalone

A
  • acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity
  • tx: acute local muscle spasm
106
Q

Methocarbamol

A
  • acts at brain stem to decrease neuronal activity
  • tx: acute local muscle spasm
107
Q

Amphetamine

A
  • increase release of DA
    • reverse DA transport through DAT
108
Q

Methamphetamine

A
  • increase release of DA
    • reverse DA transport through DAT
  • CNS stimulant
109
Q

Nicotine

A
  • activates nicotinic receptors to increase release of 5HT and DA
110
Q

MDMA (ecstasy)

A
  • increases 5HT by blocking reuptake and stimulating 5HT receptors
111
Q

Marijuana

A
  • bind to presynaptic cannabinoid receptors
  • inhibit release of ACh and glutamate
112
Q

Bath salts

A
  • synthetic cannabinoid agonist
113
Q

LSD

A
  • act on 5HT receptors on brain
114
Q

PCP (angel dust, ketamine)

A
  • NMDA receptor antagonist
115
Q

GMH

A
  • GABA receptor weak agonist
116
Q

Nitrous oxide

A
  • inhaled drug
  • causes peripheral neuropathy with chronic use

pharm III exam 1 (11 decks)

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