Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Opioids: examples
- oxycodone
- hydrocodone
- heroin
- meperidine
CNS depressants: examples
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
- alcohol
CNS stimulants: examples
- methamphetamine
- cocaine
- nicotine
- MDMA
Nicotine: examples
well, just nicotine…cigarettes, dip, e-cigarettes. all that bad stuff.
Hallucinogens: examples
- Indoleamines
- Phenylethylamines
- LSD
- Mushrooms
- Mescaline (Peyote)
Cannabinoids: examples
apparently marijuana is legal in colorado. not that it matters to me at all…nope…i wouldn’t know anything about that.
Anticholinergics: examples
- atropine
- Jimson weed
- OTC antihistamines
Opioids: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- Interaction w/endogenous opioid receptors
- Tolerance/dependence develops rapidly
CNS depressants: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- MOA: enhancement of GABA activity
- Tolerance
- barb = high
- benz = low
- etoh = moderate
- All 3 ==> dependence
CNS stimulants: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- MOA: Cause release or block reuptake of catecholamines
- Stimulant use ==> tolerance
- Supersensitivity to movements.
- Some possible physical dependence.
- Strong psychologic dependence
Nicotine: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- MOA: agonist at nicotinic neuronal receptors
- ==> tolerance
- moderate physical dependence
- moderate-strong psychological dependence
Hallucinogens: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- MOA: Agonists at 5HT2 postsynaptic receptors; DA release
- Tolerance
- tolerance can develop to larger doses for behavioral effects (but not CV effects)
- Little observed dependence
Cannabinoids: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- MOA: Agonist at CB1 receptor in CNS
- Tolerance appears rapidly, disappears rapidly
- No physical dependence
Anticholinergics: CNS action/NT & risk of tolerance/dependence
- MOA: Blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors
- Tolerance - yes
- Dependence Unknown
Opioids: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn: Coma, resp distress, pinpoint pupils
- Tx: Airway/breathing/CV support, nalaxone
CNS depressants: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn: Confusion, talkativeness, ataxia, miosis
- Barbs → coma
- Tx:
- Barb → supportive
- Benzo → flumazenil
- EtOH → supportive
CNS stimulants: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn: rapid pulse, BP, inc temp, sweat, increase motor, paranoid psychos
- Tx:
- Cardiopulm supp
- diazepam
- phentolamine
- haloperidol
Nicotine: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn:
- N/V
- salivation
- ab pain, diahhrea
- HA
- dizziness
- convulsions
- resp fail
- death
- Tx: Gastric lavage
Hallucinogens: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn:
- Anxiety, paranoia,
- confusion
- hallucination
- convulsions
- CV collapse
- renal failure
- Tx: Stabilize, isolate, benzodiazepines
Cannabinoids: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn: Tremors, ↓ musc strength + balance +coord, can’t drive
- Tx: general support, quiet room w/min stimuli
Anticholinergics: Acute toxicity rxn + tx
- Rxn: disorientation, delirium, flush, dry skin, fever, memory loss
- Tx: Physostigmine and benzos
Opioids: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- Rxn: Bothersome, not dangerous.
- flu-like, sleepiness, sweat, diarrhea, vomit, hypertension
- Tx: Clonidine for w/drawal sx
- methadone
- buprenorphine
- naltrexone
CNS depressants: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- Rxn: Lethal! Seizures. Insomnia, excitability, sweating, nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremors
- Tx: Initiate reduction/substitution, monitor for seizures, attend to nutrition and electrolyte balance
- Anxiety tx: buspirone
- Prevent abuse: disulfiram
CNS stimulants: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- Rxn: Mild. Sleepiness, hyperphagia, depression
- Tx: Resolves on own.
- TCAD
- Topiramate (anticonvulsant)
- Modafinil (improves sleepiness)
Nicotine: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- Rxn: Irritability, hostility, anxiety, depression, weight gain
- Tx:
- Nicotine replacement
- bupropion
- chantix = partial nicotinic agonist
- Nicotine conjugatve vaccine = agonist @ periphery, but not @ CNS
Hallucinogens: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- No clinical withdrawal syndrome known, can have flashbacks
Cannabinoids: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- Rxn: Not common, fatigue, anxiety, nausea, malaise, HA
- Tx: None needed unless become depressed → antidepressants
Anticholinergics: Withdrawal severity + tx/relapse prevention
- No widthrawal syndrome
