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Clinical Neuro Final Exam > Drugs of Abuse! > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse! Flashcards

1
Q

the use of psychoactive drugs in situations and amounts for purposes that are NOT socialy acceptable or mediccally approved

A

drug abuse

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2
Q

drug tolerance

A

neuronal adaptation to the influence of drug, reduction in response after repeated dosing

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3
Q

appearance of unpleasange symptoms that occur with abrupt cessation of drug use (withdrawal symptoms)

A

drug dependence

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4
Q

drug addiction

A

compulsive drug seeking behavior for drug use

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5
Q

all addictive drugs activate what

A

mesolimbic dopaminergic system

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6
Q

the mesolimbic system consists of

A

ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens

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7
Q

the mesolimci system is dominated by

A

dopaminergic neurotransmission

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8
Q

what drugs are exceptions to addiction

A

pure hallucinogens (target cortical and thalamic circuits)

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9
Q

what part of the GI system absorb ethanol more rapidly than the stomac

A

small intestine

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10
Q

ethanol works as a sedative hypnotic vvia

A

enhancing GABA action at the GABAa receptors

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11
Q

ethanol effeccts of memory and learning

A

inhibit the NMDA receptors which are involved in cognitive function

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12
Q

how does ethanol enhance the DA activity in the mesolimbic system

A

indirect activtaion of the cannabinoid receptors

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13
Q

400 mg/dl

A

respiratory depression/death

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14
Q

300-400 mg/dl

A

coma

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15
Q

200-300 mg/dl

A

emesis and stupor

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16
Q

100-200 mg/dl

A

impaired motor function, slurred speech and ataxia

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17
Q

chronic consumption of ethanol results in

A

upregulation of NMDA receptor and down regulation of GABAa receptors

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18
Q

delirium tremens

A

global confusion, psychotic symptoms and autonommic hyperactivity

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19
Q

triad of wernicke korsakoff syndrome

A

oculomotor dysfunction, gait ataxia and encephalopathy

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20
Q

mallory weiss tears

A

from chronic ethanol consumption–excessive vomitting induced longutindla lacerations of the GE junction associated with pain

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21
Q

acute ethanol use competitively inhibits

A

CYP2E1

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22
Q

chronic ethanol use induces

A

CYP2E1

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23
Q

what drugs are good to use for ethanol detox in liver disease patients

A

lorazepam and oxazepam

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24
Q

what are three drugs to prevent ethanol abuse

A

disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate

25
Q

what is the MAO of of disulfiram

A

inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

26
Q

MAO of naltrexone

A

it is a mu opioid receptor antagonist which blocks activation by ethanol of dopaminergic pathways in the brain

27
Q

what is the MAO of acamprosate

A

analog of GABA and weak antagonist of NMDA receptors

28
Q

what is the treatment for methanol poisoning

A

fomepeizole (inhibitor of ADH and induces P450 to increase own metablilsm

29
Q

what are the effects of methanol poisioining

A

blindness, metabolic acidosis, GI distress, pancreatic necrosis and pain,

30
Q

what are the toxic metabolites in ethylene glycol metabolism

A

aldehyde and oxalate

31
Q

what is treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning

A

fompeizole

32
Q

activation of alpha 3

A

inhibitis dopamine release from DA neurons

33
Q

GABA activationg alpha

A

reduces GABA release from VTA GABAergic neurons

34
Q

receptors barbiturates/benzodiazepine

A

GABA alpha, 1 and alpha 3

35
Q

treatment for barbiturates/benzodiazepine

A

flumazenil

36
Q

what are the withdrawal symptoms of barbiturates/benzodiazepines

A

irratibility, insomnia, phonphobia, photphobia, depression, muscle cramps and seizures

37
Q

opioids are prescribed for

A

analgesia, diarrhea, and cough

38
Q

exogenous opioids

A

decrease GABA release and disinhibit DAergic neurons

39
Q

treatment for opioids

A

nalozone–opioid receptor antagonist, methadone, buprenoprhine

40
Q

treatment for nicotine OD

A

atropine (blocks muscarininc excess), diazepam and mechanical venitlation for neuromuscular blockade

41
Q

two addicting pathways for nicotine

A

alpha4, beta 2 and alpha 7

42
Q

what are the drugs for smoking cessation

A

nicotine replacement
bupropion
varennicline

43
Q

bupropion

A

NE and DA reuptake inhibitor, buffers nicotine cravings through non-competitive antagonist activiy at alpha4beta2 and alpha 7

44
Q

varenicline

A

partial alpha4-beta2 agonist and full alpha 7 agonist; use is limited by nausea and insomnia and is associated with acute psychosis and suicidal ideation

45
Q

MAO of cocain

A

blocks DAT, which increase DA in the Nac leading to euphoria also blocks NET and serotoin tramsport

46
Q

paranoid ideations, angina

A

cocaine

47
Q

excessive sleepiness associated with

A

cocaine abuse

48
Q

amphetamine, methamphetamine, methyphenidate

A

interferes with vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), depletes synaptic vesicles of Nt content

49
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

cognitive, autonomic and somatic effects

50
Q

pererfential affinity for serotonin reuptake

A

MDMA

51
Q

noncompetitively blocks NMDA glutamate receptors which mediate excitatory synpatic transmission for synaptic plasticity and memory

A

PCP

52
Q

intoxification with PCP symptoms

A

nystagmus, agitated, schizo, violence, suicidal vehavior, hyerptension, tachycardia and hyperthermia

53
Q

MAO of cannabinoids

A

released post synpatically and acts on GABAergic presynpatic CB1 receptors to inhibit GABA release

54
Q

is a syntetic delta 9 THC approved for AIDS associated anorexia and prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherap

A

dronabinol

55
Q

gamma hydroxybutryic acid (GHB)

A

binds GABAb receptors causing sedation and amnesia

56
Q

LSD

A

increase glutamate release n cortex via presynaptic serotinin receptors form thalamus

57
Q

drugs that actvate Gi coupled receptors

A

opioids, cannabinoids, GHB, LSD

58
Q

drugs that mediate effects via ionotropic receptors

A

alcohols, barbirutates/benzo’s, nicotine, and PCP

59
Q

drugs that bind transporters of biogenic amines

A

cocaine
amphetamines
MDMA (ecstasy)

Clinical Neuro Final Exam (7 decks)

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