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Neuro > Drugs (Midterm) > Flashcards

Drugs (Midterm) Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs for increased intracranial pressure

A

Dexamethasone

Mannitol

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2
Q

Drugs that act on axonal voltage gated Na channels

A

Lidocaine
Carbamazepine
Dalfampridine

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3
Q

Drugs that decrease CSF production

A

Acetazolamide

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4
Q

Drugs for spasticity (spasmolytic agents) - GABA agonists

A

Diazepam
Baclofen
Tizanidine

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5
Q

Drugs for SPASMS (SKM relaxants)

A

Cyclobenzaprine

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6
Q

Drugs for fatigue

A

Amantadine

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7
Q

Drugs for Parkinsonism (due to lesion of substantia nigra)

A 
Levodopa
Carbidopa
Entacapone
Ropinirole
Trihexyphenidyl
Selegiline
Amantadine
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8
Q

Drugs for Chorea

A

Tetrabenazine
Haloperidol
Olanzapine

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9
Q

Drugs for Tics

A 
Haloperidol
Risperidone
Tetrabenazine
Clonidine
Botulinum toxin
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10
Q

Drugs for tx of essential tremor

A 
Propranolol
Primidone
Topiramate
Gabapentin
Diazepam
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11
Q

NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen
Celecoxib
Acetaminophen

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12
Q

Opioid Drugs

A

Morphine
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Tramadol

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13
Q

Antiepileptics

A

Gabapentin
Carbamazepine
Topiramate

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14
Q

Antidepressants

A

Amitriptyline

Duloxetine

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15
Q

Lesion location for weakness

A

UMN (hyperreflexia/spasticity)
LMN
NMJ
Muscle

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16
Q

Lesion location for Parkinsonism

A

Substantia nigra
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

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17
Q

Lesion location for chorea

A

Subthalmic nucleus (STN)
Putamen
Caudate, Globus Pallidus

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18
Q

Lesion location for Tic

A

Poor localization

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19
Q

Lesion location for Ataxia

A

“Cerebellar system”

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20
Q

Lesion location for Essential tremor

A

Poor localization

Improve with ETOH consumption

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21
Q

Signs/Symptoms of weakness

A

decrease strength

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22
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Parkinsonism

A

(involuntary)
Resting tremor
Slow movement
Inc muscle tone

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23
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Chorea

A

Non-stereotype jerk-like movement (involuntary)

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24
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Tic

A

Stereotypes (repetitive same movement) - involuntary

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25
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Ataxia

A

unsmooth

uncontrolled movement

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26
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Essential Tremor

A

Involuntary –> during movement

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27
Q

Dexamethasone MOA

A

If there is inc intracranial pressure due to vasogenic cerebral edema, a drug that improved/restored the fxn of BBB would lead to dec of the increased ICP

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28
Q

Mannitol MOA

A

Osmotic agent that doesn’t cross BBB well.
Inc plasma osmolality that then pulls water out of the brain into the plasma in brain regions that have an intact BBB
Dec water volume of brain the dec the overall volume of the intracranial conents and thereby dec ICP

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29
Q

Lidocaine MOA

A

Local anesthetic

Acts on voltage-gated Na channels of unmyelinated and myelinated axons in the PNS and in parts of the CNS

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30
Q

Carbamazepine MOA

A

Anticonvulsants

Prolongs the inactivated state of the voltage-gated Na
channel of axons in the PNS and CNS

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31
Q

Dalfampridine MOA

A

Blocks voltage-gated K channel of axons in PNS and CNS.

Improves conduction in demyelinated nerve axones

32
Q

Acetazolamide MOA

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

inhibits CSF production of secreting HCO3- into CSF by choroid plexus

33
Q

Diazepam (Benzodiazepine) MOA

A

Produce their muscle relaxant effects by GABA-mediated
depression of the reticular formation, leading to ↓
activation of the descending reticulospinal pathway that
is partly responsible for maintaining muscle tone.

Activate BDZ binding site in the GABAa receptors, which leads to inc freq of channel opening (Diazepam). For essential tremor

34
Q

Baclofen MOA

A

GABAb agonist
- ↓ exocytosis of neurotransmitter from presynaptic
neuron
- Activating GABAb
receptors on nerve terminals of
excitatory neurons in the spinal cord
- Inhibit spinal reflexes that lead to spasticity

35
Q

Tizanidine MOA

A

α2 agonist
- presynaptic inhibition of the release of excitatory
neurotransmitters in the brain and spinal cord (spasmolytic effect)

36
Q

Cyclobenzaprine MOA

A
  • No direct effect on SKM

- MOA not completely understood

37
Q

Amantadine MOA

A

Unclear if it’s effective for tx of fatigue

38
Q

Levodopa+ Carbidopa MOA

A

Levodopa crosses BBB: converted into dopamine
Carbidopa doesn’t cross BBB: blocks peripheral conversion of levodopa into dopamine –> reduce AE due to stimulation of peripheral dopamine receptors

39
Q

Entacapone MOA

A

COMT inhibitors

Inc peripheral bioavailability of levodopa by inhibiting the metabolism of levodopa by COMT

40
Q

Ropinirole MOA

A

Dopamine agonist
Use in early stages of Parkinson’s dz (as monotherapy)
Use as adjunct to Levodopa+Carbidopa

41
Q

Trihexyphenidyl MOA

A

Muscarinic anticholinergic

Useful for tx Parkinsonian tumor

42
Q

Selegiline MOA

A

MAO-B inhib

Prolong effcacy of concomitantly administered Levodopa+Carbidopa by block metab of MAO

43
Q

Amantadine MOA

A

NMDA glutamate R antag

potentiate synth, release, or reuptake of dopamine

44
Q

Tetrabenazine MOA

A

VMAT2 antag

Depeltes dopamine by preventing intravesicular storage

45
Q

Haloperidol MOA

A

1st gen anti-psychotic
D2 antag
Chorea, tics

46
Q

Olanzapine MOA

A

2nd gen antipsychotic drug

D2-5HT2A antag

47
Q

Risperidone MOA

A

2nd gen antipsychotic may be used in tx of tics

48
Q

Clonidine MOA

A

α2 agonist
- maybe mediated by ↓ activity of noradrenergic neurons
in the locus ceruleus (one of the noradrenergic brainstem
nuclei that project diffusely throughout the CNS)

49
Q

Botulinum toxin MOA

A
  • blocks exocytosis process in cholinergic nerve terminals
    by enzymatically hydrolyzing amino acids from 1 or more
    of the fusion proteins, thereby ↓ ACTh release
50
Q

Propranolol MOA

A
  • nonselective β antagonist
  • has high lipid solubility with good penetration across
    BBB into CNS
51
Q

Primidone MOA

A

binds to GABAa
receptors
- prolongs the open time of the channel when GABA acts
on the receptor

52
Q

Topiramate MOA

A

Potentiates the effect of GABA on GABAa receptors, also blocking volt gated Na channels

Prolongation of inactivated state of volt gated Na channel

53
Q

Gabapentin MOA

A

binds α2δ subunit of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels
(especially presynaptic N-type Ca 2+ channels)
- ↓ entry of Ca thru voltage-gated Ca channels
in nerve terminals thereby ↓ release of
neurotransmitter

54
Q

Ibuprofen, Celecoxib MOA

A

Inhibit cyclooxygenase enzyme, the essential enzyme
in the synthesis of prostaglandins
- NSAIDs reduce contribution of PGs that are released in
the periphery and in spinal cord to “pain amplification
system”

55
Q

Acetaminophen MOA

A

Act on cannabinoid receptor agonist

56
Q

Morphine MOA

A
  • μ agonist
57
Q

Naloxone, Naltrexone MOA

A

μ , δ , k antagonist

58
Q

Tramadol MOA

A

weak μ agonist and weakly inhibits reuptake of

norepinephrine and serotonin

59
Q

Amitriptyline MOA

A
  • “dirty SNRIs” that block NET and SERT, also have anti-α1, anti-H1, and antimuscarinic effects
60
Q

Duloxetine MOA

A

SNRIs block NET and SERT

61
Q

Dexamethasone use

A

Dec ICP

62
Q

Mannitol use

A

Dec ICP

Risk of rebound inc in ICP

63
Q

Lidocaine use

A

Local anesthetic

64
Q

Carbamazepine use

A

Neuropathic pain

65
Q

Dalfampridine use

A

Improve conduction in demyelinated nerve axons

66
Q

Acetazolamide use

A

Idiopathic intracranial HTN

67
Q

Diazepam (BDZ) use

A

Treat spasticity due to CNS disorders such as
cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury
- Treat acute muscle spasm caused by local
tissue injury, muscle sprains, and other acute,
painful musculoskeletal conditions
-Essential tremor

68
Q

Baclofen use

A

Tx spasticity due to MS, spinal cord injury, and other CNS dz
Analgesic effects: inhib release of substance P in spinal cord

69
Q

Tizanidine use

A

Dec spasticity - cause few CV AE

70
Q

Cyclobenzaprine use

A

Muscle relaxants with lots of sedation

71
Q

Amantadine use

A

Promote wakefulness and sense of wellbeing

72
Q

Note about Parkinsonism treatments

A

Tx lesion of substantia nigra

Too few movements w Parkinsonian tremo bein an unexpected feature o too many movements

73
Q

Note about Chorea tx

A

Treat chorea: prototypical syndrome of “too many movements”

AE: tardive dyskinesia

74
Q

Note about tx for tics

A

Stereotypes (repetitive same movement) - involuntary

75
Q

Note for essential tremor

A

Too many movements

76
Q

Note for NSAIDs & Opioids

A

treat nociceptive pain

77
Q

Note for antiepilectics and Antidepressants

A

Tx neuropathic pain

Neuro (9 decks)

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