Drugs, Lytes, Other Cardiac Conditions

Question 1

ECG findings for pericarditis (2)

Answer 1

diffuse ST elevation

depressed PR interval

Question 2

Describe the morphology of ST changes in pericarditis?

Answer 2

flat or concave

Question 3

Progression of ECG changes in pericarditis…

Answer 3

ST elevation

THEN

normal ST w/ T wave inversion

Question 4

J point notching w. assymetric T wave and upsloped ST segment…

Answer 4

benign early repolarization

Question 5

Are there reciprocal findings in other leads with benign early repolarizaiton?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

2 ECG findings for pericardial effusion…

Answer 6

low voltage

electrical alternans

Question 7

describe S1-Q3-T3 and the finding it represents…

Answer 7

PE

large S wave lead 1

Deep Q wave lead III

Inverted T wave lead III

Question 8

describe the rate and rhythm of PE…

Answer 8

sinus tachy

Question 9

What may be present in V1-V3 in a PE?

Answer 9

RBBB, T-wave inversions

Question 10

Which QT interval abnormality can lead to torsades?

Answer 10

long QT syndrome

Question 11

this QT abnormality is inherited and can lead to syncope, ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardia death

Answer 11

short QT syndrome

Question 12

Visually, a normal QT is ______ the R-R interval

Answer 12

< 1/2

Question 13

prolonged QT = ______ s in men, and _______ in women

Answer 13

0. 44s men

0. 46s women

Question 14

ECG findings of hyperkalemia… (5)

Answer 14

Tall, peaked T waves (all leads)

flat P waves

1st degree AV block

wide QRS

“sine wave” pattern ST

Question 15

3 ECG findings of hypokalemia…

Answer 15

flattened T waves
prominent U waves
low/depressed ST segment

Question 16

as hypokalemia progresses U waves become _____ compared to T waves

Answer 16

more prominent

Question 17

• increased PR and QRS intervals
• BBB/AV blocks

Short QT

Answer 17

hypercalcemia

Question 18

ECG finding in hypocalcemia, hypopotassemia, hypomagnesemia

Answer 18

prolonged QT

Question 19

shortened QT

flat T waves

asymmetric ST depression (down-sloping curve)

T wave inversion

Answer 19

therapeutic digoxin

Question 20

PAT with 2nd degree AV block is the most common rhythm disturbance in…

Answer 20

digoxin toxicity

Question 21

4 drug classes that prolong QT…

Answer 21

anti-arrhythmics
TCAs
phenothiazines
macrolides

Question 22

at what percent of QT prolongation should a drug be d/c?

Answer 22

> 25%

Question 23

Which drug?

prolonged QT

narrow QT/wide RS

Long PRI

Answer 23

TCA overdose

Question 24

Hypothermia presents with _____ PRI, QRS and QT intervals and unique waveforms called ______ waves

Answer 24

prolonged intervals

osborn waves

Question 25

ST elevation with abrupt ascent at J point, followed by plunge to baseline…

These are called _____ and are common in what condition?

Answer 25

osborn waves

hypothermia

Question 26

______ can cause 3 characteristic ECG patterns with variable ST segment elevation…

Answer 26

brugada syndrome

Question 27

____ and _____ decrease the QT interval

Answer 27

digoxin, hypercalcemia