Drugs List Flashcards
Dopaminergics
Levodopa (L-dopa): DA precursor
Pramipexole, ropinirole + rotigotine: synthetic DA receptor agonist
Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors
Generic names: Carbidopa + Benserazide
MoA: stops breakdown of L-dopa in periphery by inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase
Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) inhibitors
Generic names: Entacapone + Tolcapone
MoA: stops breakdown of DA in CNS by COMT inhibition
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors B form (MAOI-Bs)
Generic names: Rasagiline + Selegiline
MoA: stop breakdown of DA in CNS by MAOI-B inhibition
Anticholinergics
Generic names: Orphenadrine, Procyclidine + Trihexphenidyl
MoA: Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
Antipsychotics
MoA: DA receptor antagonists
Dopamine (DA) depleting drugs
Generic name: Tetrabenazine
MoA: blocks VMAT preventing uptake of DA into vesicles
Weak analgesic/antipyretic
Generic name: Paracetamol
MoA: non-selective COX inhibitor (CNS)
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Generic names: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac + Naproxen
MoA: non-selective COX inhibitors
COX-2 selective NSAIDS
Generic names: Celecoxib + Etoricoxib
MoA: selective COX-2 inhibitors
Weak opioid analgesics
Generic names: Codeine + Dihydrocodeine
MoA: opioid receptor agonist
Strong opioid analgesics
Generic names: Morphine + Diamorphine
MoA: opioid receptor agonist
Partial/mixed agonist opioid analgesics
Generic name: Buprenorphine
MoA: Opioid receptor agonist (μ) and antagonist (κ)
Opioid receptor antagonists
Generic names: Naloxone + Naltrexone
MoA: opioid receptor antagonists
Drugs used in opioid addiction management
Methadone: opioid receptor agonist
Buprenorphine: opioid receptor agonist (μ) and antagonist (κ)
Drugs used to treat neuropathic pain
TCAs
AEDs:
Gabapentin: inhibit VDCC + increases GABA transmission
Pregabalin: inhibit VDCC
Carbamazepine: Na+ channel blocker
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Generic names: Amitriptyline + Nortriptyline
MoA: SRI, NRI, H1, M1 + adrenergic antagonist
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Generic names: Sertraline + Citalopram
MoA: inhibits 5-HT reuptake pump
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Generic name: Moclobemide
MoA: Stops breakdown of monoamines in CNS by reversibly inhibiting monoamine oxidase A (RIMA)
Atypical antidepressants (ADs)
Reboxetine: NRI Bupropion: NDRI Buspirone: 5HT1A partial agonist Agomelatine: melatonin agonist Venlafaxine: SNRI Mirtazapine: α2-adrenergic antagonist
2nd generation antipsychotics
Amisulpride: 5-HT7 + D2 antagonist
Risperidone + Clozapine: 5HT2A + D2 antagonist
1st generation antipsychotics
Generic names: Chlorpromazine + Haloperidol
MoA: selective D2 receptor antagonists
Mood stabiliser
Generic name: Lithium
MoA: unclear
General anaesthetic
Isoflurane, Propofol, Nitrous Oxide, Sevoflurane: unclear
Ketamine: NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist
What is the half-life of general anaesthetics?
Isoflurane = < 1min - 40hrs Propofol = 3-12hrs Ketamine = 2-4hrs
Local anaesthetic
Generic names: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine + Levobupivacaine
MoA: voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
What is the half-life of local anaesthetics?
Benzocaine/Tetracaine = few mins
Lidocaine: 1-2hrs
Bupivacaine: 1-3hrs
Levobupivacaine: 1-3hrs
Neuromuscular blockers
Suxamethonium (depolarising): initially depolarisation + desensitization of AChR
Neostigmine (depolarising): peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
Atracurium + Vecuronium (non-depolarising): competitive antagonist at AChR
What is the half-life of non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers?
3-4mins
Drugs used for reversing NMB block
Sugammadex: oligosaccharide that forms a complex with NMB removing them from NMJ
Neostigmine: peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
Muscle relaxants/sedatives/anxiolytic-hypnotic for anaesthetics
Zolpidem (‘Z-drug’ mechanistically identical to BDZ) + Temazepam (BDZ): GABA PAM
Dexmedetomidine: α-adrenergic receptor agonist
Propranolol: β-blocker
Alfentanyl, Fentanyl + Remifentanyl: opioid receptor agonist
Benzodiazepines for anaesthetics
Generic name: Flumazenil
MoA: BDZ antagonist
Anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs)
Sodium Valproate, Lamotrigine + Carbamazepine: sodium channel blocker
Ethosuximide: calcium channel blocker (T-type)
Benzodiazepines for epilepsy
Generic names: Midazolam, Lorazepam + Diazepam
MoA: GABA PAM (γ-subunit)
Barbiturates (Barb) for epilepsy
Generic names: Phenobarbitone, Pentobarbitone + Primidone
MoA: GABA PAM (β-subunit)
Anticholinesterases for dementia
Generic names: Donepezil, Galantamine + Rivastigmine
MoA: inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (reversible)
Glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for dementia
Generic name: Memantine
MoA: VD blocker of NMDA receptors (NMDA NAM)
Antimicrobial for CNS infections
Ceftriaxone: inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria
Amoxicillin: induces cell wall lysis by blocking last stages of cell wall synthesis
Antiviral for CNS infections
Generic name: Acyclovir
MoA: inhibits viral DNA synthesis
Corticosteroid for CNS infections
Generic name: Dexamethasone
MoA: glucocorticoid receptor agonist