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Block 3 > Drugs List > Flashcards

Drugs List Flashcards

1
Q

Dopaminergics

A

Levodopa (L-dopa): DA precursor

Pramipexole, ropinirole + rotigotine: synthetic DA receptor agonist

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2
Q

Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors

A

Generic names: Carbidopa + Benserazide

MoA: stops breakdown of L-dopa in periphery by inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase

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3
Q

Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) inhibitors

A

Generic names: Entacapone + Tolcapone

MoA: stops breakdown of DA in CNS by COMT inhibition

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4
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors B form (MAOI-Bs)

A

Generic names: Rasagiline + Selegiline

MoA: stop breakdown of DA in CNS by MAOI-B inhibition

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5
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Generic names: Orphenadrine, Procyclidine + Trihexphenidyl

MoA: Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

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6
Q

Antipsychotics

A

MoA: DA receptor antagonists

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7
Q

Dopamine (DA) depleting drugs

A

Generic name: Tetrabenazine

MoA: blocks VMAT preventing uptake of DA into vesicles

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8
Q

Weak analgesic/antipyretic

A

Generic name: Paracetamol

MoA: non-selective COX inhibitor (CNS)

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9
Q

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

A

Generic names: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac + Naproxen

MoA: non-selective COX inhibitors

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10
Q

COX-2 selective NSAIDS

A

Generic names: Celecoxib + Etoricoxib

MoA: selective COX-2 inhibitors

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11
Q

Weak opioid analgesics

A

Generic names: Codeine + Dihydrocodeine

MoA: opioid receptor agonist

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12
Q

Strong opioid analgesics

A

Generic names: Morphine + Diamorphine

MoA: opioid receptor agonist

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13
Q

Partial/mixed agonist opioid analgesics

A

Generic name: Buprenorphine

MoA: Opioid receptor agonist (μ) and antagonist (κ)

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14
Q

Opioid receptor antagonists

A

Generic names: Naloxone + Naltrexone

MoA: opioid receptor antagonists

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15
Q

Drugs used in opioid addiction management

A

Methadone: opioid receptor agonist
Buprenorphine: opioid receptor agonist (μ) and antagonist (κ)

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16
Q

Drugs used to treat neuropathic pain

A

TCAs

AEDs:
Gabapentin: inhibit VDCC + increases GABA transmission
Pregabalin: inhibit VDCC
Carbamazepine: Na+ channel blocker

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17
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

A

Generic names: Amitriptyline + Nortriptyline

MoA: SRI, NRI, H1, M1 + adrenergic antagonist

18
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Generic names: Sertraline + Citalopram

MoA: inhibits 5-HT reuptake pump

19
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Generic name: Moclobemide

MoA: Stops breakdown of monoamines in CNS by reversibly inhibiting monoamine oxidase A (RIMA)

20
Q

Atypical antidepressants (ADs)

A 
Reboxetine: NRI
Bupropion: NDRI
Buspirone: 5HT1A partial agonist
Agomelatine: melatonin agonist
Venlafaxine: SNRI
Mirtazapine: α2-adrenergic antagonist
21
Q

2nd generation antipsychotics

A

Amisulpride: 5-HT7 + D2 antagonist

Risperidone + Clozapine: 5HT2A + D2 antagonist

22
Q

1st generation antipsychotics

A

Generic names: Chlorpromazine + Haloperidol

MoA: selective D2 receptor antagonists

23
Q

Mood stabiliser

A

Generic name: Lithium

MoA: unclear

24
Q

General anaesthetic

A

Isoflurane, Propofol, Nitrous Oxide, Sevoflurane: unclear

Ketamine: NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist

25
Q

What is the half-life of general anaesthetics?

A 
Isoflurane = < 1min - 40hrs
Propofol = 3-12hrs
Ketamine = 2-4hrs
26
Q

Local anaesthetic

A

Generic names: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine + Levobupivacaine

MoA: voltage-gated sodium channel blocker

27
Q

What is the half-life of local anaesthetics?

A

Benzocaine/Tetracaine = few mins
Lidocaine: 1-2hrs
Bupivacaine: 1-3hrs
Levobupivacaine: 1-3hrs

28
Q

Neuromuscular blockers

A

Suxamethonium (depolarising): initially depolarisation + desensitization of AChR
Neostigmine (depolarising): peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
Atracurium + Vecuronium (non-depolarising): competitive antagonist at AChR

29
Q

What is the half-life of non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers?

A

3-4mins

30
Q

Drugs used for reversing NMB block

A

Sugammadex: oligosaccharide that forms a complex with NMB removing them from NMJ
Neostigmine: peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase

31
Q

Muscle relaxants/sedatives/anxiolytic-hypnotic for anaesthetics

A

Zolpidem (‘Z-drug’ mechanistically identical to BDZ) + Temazepam (BDZ): GABA PAM
Dexmedetomidine: α-adrenergic receptor agonist
Propranolol: β-blocker
Alfentanyl, Fentanyl + Remifentanyl: opioid receptor agonist

32
Q

Benzodiazepines for anaesthetics

A

Generic name: Flumazenil

MoA: BDZ antagonist

33
Q

Anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs)

A

Sodium Valproate, Lamotrigine + Carbamazepine: sodium channel blocker
Ethosuximide: calcium channel blocker (T-type)

34
Q

Benzodiazepines for epilepsy

A

Generic names: Midazolam, Lorazepam + Diazepam

MoA: GABA PAM (γ-subunit)

35
Q

Barbiturates (Barb) for epilepsy

A

Generic names: Phenobarbitone, Pentobarbitone + Primidone

MoA: GABA PAM (β-subunit)

36
Q

Anticholinesterases for dementia

A

Generic names: Donepezil, Galantamine + Rivastigmine

MoA: inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (reversible)

37
Q

Glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for dementia

A

Generic name: Memantine

MoA: VD blocker of NMDA receptors (NMDA NAM)

38
Q

Antimicrobial for CNS infections

A

Ceftriaxone: inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria
Amoxicillin: induces cell wall lysis by blocking last stages of cell wall synthesis

39
Q

Antiviral for CNS infections

A

Generic name: Acyclovir

MoA: inhibits viral DNA synthesis

40
Q

Corticosteroid for CNS infections

A

Generic name: Dexamethasone

MoA: glucocorticoid receptor agonist

Block 3 (40 decks)

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