CBT & Depression Flashcards
What are the aims of CBT?
- Identify thinking that causes problematic feelings + behaviour
- Question patients -ve thinking/feeling to enable +ve change in thought processes
- Identify unwanted behaviour patterns
- Plan goals to achieve the change sought + step-step process for goal achievement
What is the main purpose of CBT?
To look at how a patient thinks and feels and to find out how this influences there behaviour if the behaviour is problematic with the goal being to achieve +ve change in behaviour which has been counterproductive to an individuals functioning
Why might dysfunctional thoughts arise?
- “Shoulds”
- Catastrophising
- Filtering
- Polarisation
- Over-generalisation
- Personalisation
- Mind-reading
- Heaven’s reward
What are “shoulds”?
A set of expectations concerning one’s own behaviour and behaviour of others
What is catastrophising?
Expecting the worst and interpreting situations as evidence of looming disaster
What is filtering?
Focusing on -ve aspects of a situation and ignoring the +ves
What is polarisation?
An insistence on an extreme view - people + circumstances must be categorised with no “shades of grey”
What is over-generalisation?
Reaching conclusions from a single incident or a limited range of events
What is personalisation?
Tending to assume that people are -vely referring to oneself; always comparing oneself (usually unfavourably) with others
What is mind-reading?
Assuming that you know what others are thinking without asking them
What is heaven’s reward?
Expecting that pain and sacrifice will be rewarded - feeling dismayed when this does not happen
What is the CBT process?
- Problem identification - what is the concern?
- Goal selection - what does the patient want to change?
- What options are possible for the patient?
- Consideration of consequences - what might happen?
- PoA - what does the patient decide to do?
- Implementation - putting the plan into action
- Evaluation - was the plan successful?
What conditions can CBT be beneficial for?
Depression Anxiety/panic attacks Addictions e.g. pathological gambling OCD Drug/alcohol problems EDs Phobias Chronic fatigue syndrome
What are the benefits of CBT?
- Can be used instead of/in conjunction with medication
- Structure means it can be provided in different formats i.e. 1-1, groups, online/apps, self-help books
- Teaches practical strategies that can be used in everyday life after treatment has finished
- Can be completed in shorter time scale than other talking therapies
What are the disadvantages of CBT?
- May not be suitable for complex mental health needs or learning difficulties
- Short-term so not enough time to cover all problems with some patients
- Confronting emotions/anxieties can be difficult in early stages so patient needs to be ready to pursue change
- Focuses on individuals capacity to change w/o addressing wider problem in systems or families which can impact on mental health + well-being
- Hard work
What are the CBT techniques?
Challenging irrational beliefs Reframing/replacing them with alternative rational thoughts Thought stopping Graded exposure Assertiveness Social skills training Problem solving training Relaxation techniques
What is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?
A form of CBT that involves the ABCD approach:
A = activating event
B = belief about event
C = consequences of event
D = disputing the belief/anticipated consequences of event
What are alternative counselling approaches?
Psychodynamic therapy Humanistic approach Systemic approach Transactional analysis Integrative approach
What is psychodynamic therapy?
Focuses on psychological changes to help the patient
What is humanistic approach?
Focuses on the ideation that non-judgemental acceptance is helpful enough
What is a systemic approach?
Focuses on systems that we all belong to and how they press in on us
What is transactional analysis?
Focuses on how you interact with others and games people play
What is an integrative approach?
Uses approaches all ranges of therapies depending on individuals needs
What is an acute stress response?
Psychological condition arising IMMEDIATELY in response to a terrifying or traumatic event, or witnessing a traumatic event that induces a strong emotional response within the individual
What is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Anxiety disorder that develops as a long-term effect of a very stressful, frightening or distressing events -someone with PTSD often relives the traumatic event through nightmares and flashbacks, and may experience feelings of isolation, irritability and guilt
What is normal grief?
The typical sequence of a bereavement reaction is considered to be: initial shock (with numbness and disbelief); denial and searching; depression, apathy or despair; guilt, anger or blame and finally acceptance
What is abnormal grief?
Warning signs include idealisation of the dead person, denial of the death, self-neglect, prolonged functional impairment, impulses for sudden radical changes, a sense of intense and stereotypical bereavement reactions, or the use of drugs or alcohol or displaying antisocial behaviour - tends to last for more than 6mnths
What is motivational interviewing?
Counselling method that helps people resolve ambivalent feelings and insecurities to find the internal motivation they need to change their behaviour - practical, empathetic, and short-term process that takes into consideration how difficult it is to make life changes
What is solution-focused (brief) therapy (SFBT)?
Goal-directed collaborative approach to psychotherapeutic change that is conducted through direct observation of clients’ responses to a series of precisely constructed questions
What is abnormal grief called?
Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) OR Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (POBD)
