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PHA 333 > drugs in sport > Flashcards

drugs in sport Flashcards

1
Q

what do anabolic andorgenic steroids do?

A
  • anabolic-increase muscle mass and aids recovery

- androgenic-promotes masculinisation

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2
Q

what are AAS? give an example

A

synthetic derivatives of testosterone eg nandrolone, stanozolol

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3
Q

what would be the common dose?

A

Common to take megadoses (50-100x) physiological steroid concentrations

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4
Q

what is the usual dosing regimen for AAS?

A

Usually cycled (4-12 weeks), outside of competition (year round testing?)

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5
Q

what evidence is there that shows benefit for AAS?

A
  • Plenty of empiric evidence
  • Limited real evidence based data
  • Ethics of clinical research
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6
Q

what are the vital effects of AAS?

A

Increased BP

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7
Q

What are the skin effects of AAS?

A

Acne, male pattern baldness, striae,
jaundice with liver disease, hirsutism in
women

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8
Q

what effects do AAS have on the head and neck?

A

Jaundiced eyes with liver disease,

deepening of the voice in women

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9
Q

what effects do AAS have on the chest?

A

Gynaecomastia with tenderness in men

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10
Q

what abdominal effects do AAS have?

A

Right-upper-quadrant tenderness and

hepatomegaly with liver disease

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11
Q

what metabolic/CV effects do AAS have?

A

Increased LDL, decreased HDL, CVD

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12
Q

what genitourinary effects do AAS have?

A

Testicular atrophy and prostatic
hypertrophy in men
Clitoral hypertrophy in women

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13
Q

what msk effects do AAS have?

A

Generalised muscle hypertrophy with
disproportionately large upper-body
mass (especially neck, shoulders,
arms and chest)

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14
Q

what extremeties do AAS present with?

A

Oedema due to water retention for

which diuretics may be used

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15
Q

what psychiatric effects do AAS have?

A

Anxiety, depression, paranoia,

aggression, violence

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16
Q

what was thought to be the effects of Human growth hormone?

A

Evidence of benefit in enhancing physical
performance
• Potential anabolic effects, increased muscle
mass and strength etc.
• ?improved recovery time

17
Q

what is blood doping and how does it work?

A
  • Either direct blood transfusion or indirect methods (EPO)
  • Advantages in aerobic activity e.g. endurance sports
  • Altitude Training?
18
Q

what is EPO and how does it work?

A
  • Stimulates production of red blood cells
  • Substantial increases in haemoglobin and haematocrit
  • Increased O2 uptake and delivery to lungs
  • Risks include MI, CVD, thromboembolic events
19
Q

what is the UK anti-doping guidance?

A

Check every single substance or medication before you use it,
even if you have used it before. It is also important to remember
that medications bought abroad may contain different
substances than those in the UK and you should always check
before you take them

20
Q

what is the global drug reference online?

A

Prohibited status of specific substances
• Based on the current World Anti-Doping
Agency (WADA) Prohibited List
• Products sold in the UK, Canada, Japan, USA,
Switzerland and Australia.
• Status of branded medications and individual
active ingredients
• Every search provides a unique reference
number for records.

21
Q

what is the therapeutic use exemptions- TUES?

A

A means by which an athlete can obtain approval to use a
prescribed prohibited substance or method for the
treatment of a legitimate medical condition

22
Q

what is the TUE process?

A
  1. Athletes should advise all medical personnel of their obligation to abide by the
    anti-doping rules of their sport and that any medical treatment received must
    not violate these rules.
  2. When prescribed a substance or method, athletes should check if that
    medication is prohibited by checking the Global Drug Reference Online system.
  3. If the medication is not prohibited, athletes can start using the prescribed
    medication or treatment.
  4. If the medication is prohibited, athletes should check with their prescribing
    physician or the sport’s medical personnel if there are any alternative
    medications or treatments that are permitted.
  5. If there are no permitted alternatives, athletes should contact their National
    Governing Body (NGB) or email us to find out what type of exemption is required
    and if a TUE should be applied for prior to use or after doping control.
  6. Only in emergency situations (e.g. allergic reaction, exacerbation of asthma,
    onset of bell’s palsy) should treatment begin without the necessary approval
23
Q

how does doping relate to public health?

A
  • Abuse is not just linked to professional sport
  • Amateur sport
  • Gym
  • Aesthetics
  • ~60,000 in the UK
  • Needle exchange
24
Q

what is the role of the pharmacist regarding drugs in sport?

A 
Identification and management of people 
abusing drugs
• Advice and safe management – needle 
exchange services etc
• Knowledge of Global Drug Reference Online
• Knowledge of TUE process

PHA 333 (42 decks)

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