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DRUGS FOR PAIN AND INFLAMMATION Flashcards

1
Q

Uses: mild to moderate pain of the skeletal
muscle & joint
➔ NOT addictive & are less potent than
narcotic analgesics

A

ANALGESICS (NON-OPIOD/NON NARCOTIC)

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2
Q

MOA: act on peripheral nervous system at the pain receptor sites by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

A

ANALGESICS

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3
Q

Effective for dull, throbbing pain of
headache, dysmenorrhea, pain from
inflammation, minor abrasions, muscular pain and mild-moderate arthritis

A

ANALGESICS

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4
Q

ASPIRIN - a salicylate, oldest non narcotic
analgesic drug

A

ANALGESICS

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5
Q

CI: children < 12 years old (Reye’s syndrome)

A

ANALESICS

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6
Q

DI: +warfarin, heparin, thrombolytics = increase bleeding ibuprofen + insulin/OHA =
hypoglycemia

A

ANALGESICS

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7
Q

SE: gastric irritation, excess bleeding might
occur during the first two days of menstruation

A

ANALGESICS

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8
Q

Nursing Responsibilities:
➔ take with food
➔ with glass of water
➔ monitor platelet bleeding time PT
➔ d/c aspirin 7 days prior to surgery

A

ANALGESICS

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9
Q

MOA: weakly inhibits prostaglandin synthesis which decreases pain sensation & heat

A

ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL, TEMPRA)

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10
Q

Is safe, effective analgesic & antipyretic
drug used for muscular aches & fever caused by viral infections

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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11
Q

➔ causes no / little gastric distress; does
not interfere with platelet aggregation, no anti inflammatory effect

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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12
Q

CI: severe hepatic / renal disease, alcoholism, hypersensitivity

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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13
Q

DI: +caffeine = increase effect +oral
contraceptives, anticholinergics = decrease
effects

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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14
Q

SE/ AE: hepatotoxicity, early symptoms of
hepatic damage (N/V, diarrhea & abdominal
pain)

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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15
Q

Nursing Considerations:
➔ Liver enzymes,self medications should not
be used for more than 10 days for adults & 5
days for children
➔ keep out of children’s reach
➔ acetylcysteine (antidote)
➔ no alcohol

A

ACETAMINOPHEN

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16
Q

MOA: binds to opiate receptors in the CNS,
reduces stimuli from sensory nerve end, pain threshold is increased

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS

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17
Q

USES:
➔ moderate - severe pain
➔ suppresses pain muscles
➔ suppresses respiratory & coughing by acting on the respiratory & cough centers in the medulla of the brainstem

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS

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18
Q

CI: with respiratory dysfunction, head injuries, increase ICP, hepatic and renal disease, alcoholism

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS, OPIOID ANALGESICS

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19
Q

DI: +alcohol, sedatives-hypnotics and other
CNS depressants + increase CNS depression; may increase ALT/ AST

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS

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20
Q

SE:
- N/V (particularly in ambulating patients)
- constipation (less in demerol)
- moderate decrease of blood pressure
- orthostatic hypotension (high dose)
- antitussive effect (except demerol)
- CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, confusion,
sedation,
- PUPIL CONSTRICTION - pinpoint pupil - sign of toxicity

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS

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21
Q

Codeine: not as potent as morphine

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS

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22
Q

Morphine sulfate: potent analgesics (can depress respiration), effective against MI,
dyspnea-pulmonary edema, pre op meds

A

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS

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23
Q

: shorter duration of action than morphine, potency varies according to dosage

A

MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL)

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24
Q

most commonly used narcotic for
alleviating post op pain, no antitussive property

A

MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL)

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25
- preferred in pregnancy (does not diminish uterine contractions & causes less neonatal respiratory depression) - not prescribed for long term used
MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL)
26
**withdrawal symptoms called: ABSTINENCE SYNDROME occurs 24-48 hours after last
MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL)
27
Nursing Considerations: - VS do not give if RR is < 10/min, BP < 90/70 mmHg - Administer before pain reaches its peak to maximize the effectiveness - Should not taken with alcohol or sedative -hypnotics - Check urine output & bowel elimination - Assist patient in ambulation - Have naloxone (Narcan) ready as antidote - Do not abruptly withdraw medicine - Assess for toxicity due to overdose - Instruct about deep breathing & coughing exercises especially in patients with altered pulmonary function
NARCOTICE ANALGESICS/ OPIOID ANALGESICS
28
Antidotes for overdoses of narcotic analgesic
NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST
29
Have higher affinity to the opiate receptor site than the narcotic being taken
NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST
30
Blocks the receptor & displaces any narcotic that would be at the receptor, thus inhibiting the neurotic action
NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST
31
Reverses respiratory and CNS depression
NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST
32
EG: naloxone (Narcan) - IM, IV NSG: Vs q5, q15, q30 until stable
NARCOTIC ANTAGONIST
33
a narcotic but cause less dependency that the narcotics it is replacing - Helps the narcotic addicted person to withdraw from narcotics without causing withdrawal symptoms - Given OD (longer half life)
METHADONE
33
a narcotic but cause less dependency that the narcotics it is replacing - Helps the narcotic addicted person to withdraw from narcotics without causing withdrawal symptoms - Given OD (longer half life)
METHADONE
34
pentazocine (Talwin)
NARCOTIC AGONIST - ANTAGONIST
35
Butorphanol tartrate (Stadol)
NARCOTIC AGONIST - ANTAGONIST
36
Nalbuphine HCL (Nubain),
NARCOTIC AGONIST - ANTAGONIST
37
Buprenorphine (Buprenex)
NARCOTIC AGONIST - ANTAGONIST
38
Salicylate (aspirin)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
39
Non-salicylate Parachorobenzoic acid - Indomethacin (Indocin) - sulindac - tolmetin
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMTORY
40
Pyrazolone derivatives - phenylbutazone
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
41
Propionic acid derivatives - ibuprofen (Alaxan, Advil) - naproxen - ketoprofen (Orudis)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
42
Fenamates - meclofenamate (Meclofen) - mefenamic acid (ponstan)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
43
Oxicam - meloxicam (Mobic)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
44
Phenylacetic acid derivatives - diclofenac Na (Voltaren, Cataflam) - ketorolac (Toradol)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
45
Selective COX2 inhibitors - celecoxib
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
46
MOA: inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) that is needed for the biosynthesis of prostaglandin
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
47
USES: - reduce inflammatory process - relieve pain - Reduce fever
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
48
CI: severe renal and hepatic disease. GI bleed, hypersensitivity (****aspirin: tinnitus, vertigo, bronchospasm especially asthmatic)
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
49
SE: GI irritation, anorexia, N/V, dizziness, confusion, hearing loss, heartburn, drowsiness
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
50
AE: GI bleed, tinnitus, life threatening (BM depression, hepatotoxicity, bronchospasm, cardiac dysrhythmias
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
51
DI: +anticoagulants, anti platelets, thrombolytics = increase GI bleed
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
52
Nursing Responsibilities: - Take with meals - Check hypersensitivity - Monitor bleeding - Avoid alcohol - Inform clients that it may take several weeks to experience the desired effect of some NSAIDs - Direct client to inform the dentist or surgeon before a procedure when taking ibuprofen or other NSAIDs for a continuous period
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
53
MOA: suppress the intensity of the inflammatory process; can control inflammation by suppressing or preventing many of the components of inflammatory process at the injured site
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
54
USES: Myocarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, tendonitis, bursitis, ulcerative colitis, dermatitis
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
55
Major side effects: Buffalo hump - accumulation of fat on the back of the neck
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
56
Major side effects: Moon face - rounded, puffy face
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
57
Major side effects: immunosuppressant effect -inability of the immune system to respond to antigenic stimulation
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
58
Major side effects: - Growth retardation - Mood swing - Acne - Trunkal obesity - Sterility
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
59
Major side effects: - Cardiac dysrhythmias - tachycardia most common - Inhibited CHON synthesis - Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypertension
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
60
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: - Usually recommended for short term use - Taper off slowly to prevent adrenal insufficiency - High CHON, potassium, calcium, low sodium intake
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
61
- Daily eight, report weight gain > 5 lbs - Check CBC. Strengthen immune system - Take with food - Avoid vaccines without APs approval
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
62
cortisone acetate (Corstitan)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
63
hydrocortisone (Cortisol)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
64
prednisone (Deltasone)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
65
fluticasone (Flixotide)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOTEROIDS
66
dexamethasone (Decadrone)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
67
betamethasone (Celestone)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
68
budesonide (Budecort)
STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CORTICOSTEROIDS
69
Common drugs Colchicine (Novovolchine) - Anti inflammatory - Inhibits migration of leukocytes at inflamed site - Does not inhibit uric acid, does not promote uric acid excretion
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
70
Probenecid (Benemid) - Uricosuric agent - Increase rate of uric acid excretion by inhibiting its reabsorption - Should not be used in acute attack
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
71
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) - More potent than probenecid
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
72
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) - Uric acid inhibitor, not anti inflammatory - Inhibits final step of uric acid biosynthesis - Useful for client who do not respond well to uricosurics
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
73
USES: - Comtrol acute inflammation of the attack - Increase excretion of uric acid - Decrease production of uric acid - Gouty arthritis - Control uric acid production with antineoplastic drug therapy
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
74
SE: kidney stones, N/V, diarrhea, HA, flushed skin & rash, metallic taste, drowsiness
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
75
AE: Bone Marrow depression
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS
76
Nursing Responsibilities: - Fluid intake (at least 2L/day) - Alkaline urine: Milk, Fruits except cranberries, plums, prunes, Most vegetables, Small amount of beef - Compliance, low purine foods: (high) beer, wine, shellfish, legumes, gravy, organ meat, salmon, sardines - CBC - Acetaminophen instead of ASA (elevate uric acid) - Avoid large doses of Vit C - Take with food
ANTI-GOUT AGENTS

Pharma (4 decks)

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