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Pharma > DRUGS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT > Flashcards

DRUGS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Flashcards

1
Q

MOA: neutralizes gastric acid secretions and
raises the gastric pH of the stomach

A

ANTACIDS

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2
Q

DI: + digoxin / antibiotics = decrease absorption

A

ANTACIDS

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3
Q

reflux indigestion - esophageal irritation and
inflammation resulting from reflux of the stomach
contents into the esophagus : PUD, ulcer
prevention

A

ANTACIDS

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4
Q

SE: rebound hyperacidity (excessive amount of
acid in the stomach)

A

ANTACIDS

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5
Q

SE:
- GI disturbances (constipation / diarrhea)

A

ANTACIDS

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6
Q

SE: Electrolyte imbalances

A

ANTACIDS

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7
Q

SE: Hypermagnesemia (hypotension, N/V, ECG
changes)

A

ANTACIDS

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8
Q

SE: Hypophosphatemia (anorexia, malaise,
muscle weakness)

A

ANTACIDS

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9
Q

SE: Hypernatremia = water retention

A

ANTACIDS

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10
Q

SE: Systemic alkalosis

A

ANTACIDS

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11
Q

NI: Assess effectiveness of medication

A

ANTACIDS

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12
Q

NI: Avoid other medicines that lower gastric pH
or increases hyperacidity such as caffeine,
aspirin

A

ANTACIDS

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13
Q

NI: Take 1- 3 hours after eating don’t take other
medicines within 1-2 hours of taking
antacid; not at mealtime =slow gastric
emptying time = increased GI activity gastric
secretions

A

ANTACIDS

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14
Q

NI: Drink 2-4 oz of water after antacid

A

ANTACIDS

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15
Q

NI: Shake liquid preparations well and followed
with water

A

ANTACIDS

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16
Q

NI: Instruct to inquire about interactions with
any new medication & OTC

A

ANTACIDS

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17
Q

NI: Inform clients that they may experience
better relief from liquids than tablets

A

ANTACIDS

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18
Q

NI: Do not give milk products and vitamin D
with calcium carbonate =milk alkali
syndrome (alkalosis, hypercalcemia,
crystalluria, renal failure)

A

ANTACIDS

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19
Q

It is used to treat peptic ulcer disease
and gastric hyperacidity

A

DRUGS FOR
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

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20
Q

break or ulcerations in
the protective mucosal lining of the lower
esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

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21
Q

MOA: block the H2 receptors of the parietal cells of the stomach, thus reducing gastric acid
secretion and concentration

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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22
Q

treatment ulcer, prevention of stress
ulcer, hyperacidity, patients on prolonged NPO/
preoperative, GI bleed

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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23
Q

DI: + digoxin / anticoagulants = increase their
action + antacid = decrease effectiveness

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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24
Q

SE: HA, confusion, nausea, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, anemia, severe
bradycardia (IV administration), constipation

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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25
Q

cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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26
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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27
Q

ranitidine (Zantac)

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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28
Q

Nizatidine (Axid)

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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29
Q

NI: Administer before meals

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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30
Q

NI: Reduced doses of drug are needed by
older adults

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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31
Q

NI: Administer IV drug in 20
–100mLsolution

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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32
Q

NI: Do not administer at the same time with
antacids, give an hour before or 2 hours
after

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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33
Q

NI: Avoid smoking because it hampers the
effectiveness of the drug

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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34
Q

NI: Drug induced impotence and
gynecomastia – reversible

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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35
Q

NI: Relaxation technique

A

HISTAMINE- 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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36
Q

NI: Eat foods rich in Vit B12 to prevent
deficiency as a result of drug therapy

A

HISTAMINE - 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

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37
Q

AKA: anti-spasmodics

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

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38
Q

MOA: decreases acetylcholine by blocking the
cholinergic receptors.

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

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39
Q

MOA: It reduces gastric acid
secretion, decreases smooth muscle motility
and delays gastric emptying time

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

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40
Q

adjunct therapy for PUD. Spasms and
cramping associated with irritable bowel
syndrome

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

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41
Q

SE: tachycardia, urinary retention, dry mouth,
HA, constipation

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

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42
Q

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
➔ Monitor bowel elimination
➔ Take before meals
➔ Give antacids 2 hours after
anticholinergic

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

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43
Q

MOA: suppresses the final step of gastric acid
production by inhibiting hydrogen - potassium
ATPase enzyme. Inhibit up to 90% than H2
blockers

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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44
Q

short term treatment of erosive
esophagitis.

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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45
Q

long term treatment
of duodenal ulcer.

A

OMEPRAZOLE

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46
Q

Treatment of H. pylori, active
benign gastric ulcers

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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47
Q

INTERACTIONS: may increase concentration
o oral anticoagulants, diazepam, phenytoin if
with omeprazole

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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48
Q

SE: headache, abdominal discomfort,
dizziness, flatulence, diarrhea

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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48
Q

SE: headache, abdominal discomfort,
dizziness, flatulence, diarrhea

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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49
Q

omeprazole (Losec)

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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50
Q

pantoprazole (Pantoloc)

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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51
Q

esomeprazole (Nexium)

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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52
Q

lanzoprazole (Prevacid)

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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53
Q

NI:
➔ Take before meals
➔ Regular medical check – up

A

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR

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54
Q

AKA: Pepsin inhibitor / Mucosal Protective
Drug

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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55
Q

MOA: forms a barrier / coating at the ulcer site

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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55
Q

sucralfate (Iselpin)

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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56
Q

rebamipide (Mucosta)

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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57
Q

SE: constipation ( not systemically absorbed)

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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58
Q

DI: may impede absorption of warfarin,
phenytoin, theophylline

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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59
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
➔ Take before meals; as prescribed (4-8
weeks)
➔ Take one hour apart from antacid
➔ Digoxin: administer sucralfate at least 2
hours apart

A

CYROPROTECTIVE

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60
Q

MOA: decrease vagal activity. Inhibits gastric
acid secretion & protects the mucosa.
Promotes secretion of sodium bicarbonate and
cytoprotection mucus

A

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE

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61
Q

USE: PUD

A

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE

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62
Q

SE: diarrhea, abdominal pain

A

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE

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63
Q

misoprostol (Cytotec)

A

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE

64
Q

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:
➔ Take with food
➔ No alcohol, NSAIDs, aspirin, smoking

A

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE

65
Q

What drug can cause uterine contraction?

A

PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUE

66
Q

MOA: aids in breaking up gas bubbles trapped
in the intestines; increases gastric emptying

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

67
Q

USES: post operative patients, children with
colic

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

68
Q

SE: constipation, LBM(domperidone), dry
mouth, abdominal cramps

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

69
Q

simethicone (Kremil-S, Simeco)

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

70
Q

domperidone (Motilium)

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

71
Q

NI: Increase oral fluid intake

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

72
Q

NI: Manage constipation: high fiber
(bran, grain, fruits), ambulation

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

73
Q

NI: Auscultate bowel sounds

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

74
Q

NI: Avoid gas forming foods (apples,
broccoli, cabbage, coconuts, egg plant,
milk, radish, onions)

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

75
Q

NI: Manage diarrhea

A

ANTI-FLATULENTS

76
Q

MOA: used to control vomiting

A

ANTI-EMETICS

77
Q

Decrease the response
to chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) by
inhibiting the dopaminergic receptors

A

Phenothiazines (ANTI-EMETICS)

78
Q

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

PHENOTHIAZINES

79
Q

prochlorperazine maleate (Compazine)

A

PHENOTHIAZINES

80
Q

Promethazine

A

PHEOTHIAZINES

81
Q

block the action of
acetylcholine in the brain to decrease
nausea and vomiting

A

ANTHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

82
Q

diphenhydramine (Dramamine)

A

ANTHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

83
Q

cyclizine HCL (Marezine)

A

ANTHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

84
Q

meclizine HCL ( Bonamine)

A

ANTHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

85
Q

hydroxyzine pamoate (Vistaril)

A

ANTIHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

86
Q

diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl)

A

ANTIHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

87
Q

Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

ANTIHISTAMINES (ANTI-EMETICS)

88
Q

prevent motion
sickness by decreasing the GI motility
and secretions

A

ANTI-CHOLINERGICS (ANTI-EMETICS)

89
Q

Scopolamine (Triptone)

A

ANTI-CHOLINERGICS (ANTI-EMETICS)

90
Q

(active ingredients of
marijuana)

A

CANNABINOIDS (ANTI-EMETICS)

91
Q

Dronabinol

A

CANNABINOIDS (ANTI EMETICS)

92
Q

Nabilone

A

CANNABINOIDS (ANTI-EMETICS)

93
Q

increases gastric emptying

A

OTHERS ( ANTI-EMETICS)

94
Q

metoclopramide HCL (Plasil)

A

OTHERS ( ANTI-EMETICS)

95
Q

trimethobenzamide HCL (Tigan)

A

OTHERS ( ANTI-EMETICS)

96
Q

USES: severe nausea, vomiting, before & after
chemotherapy, motion sickness

A

ANTI-EMETICS

97
Q

SE/AE:
- anticholinergic effects
- drowsiness (anti histamines)
- orthostatic hypotension
- extrapyramidal findings
(phenothiazines): parkinson’s disease
symptoms – tremors, muscle rigidity,
bradykinesia
- Hypersensitivity, photosensitivity

A

ANTI-EMETICS

98
Q

NI: Have ipecac at home in case of
accidental poisoning, note expiration
date

A

ANTI-EMETICS

99
Q

NI: Never administer to comatose or semi –
comatose patients or accidentally ingest
caustic substances (ammonia, chlorine
bleach, toilet cleaners or battery acid)

A

ANTI-EMETICS

100
Q

NI: Can be very messy and maybe difficult
for a child to ingest

A

ANTI-EMETICS

101
Q

NI: Administer 10 mL of ipecac followed by
a glass of water in children<1y.o.;15 mL
for children > 1 y.o.; 15-30mLfollowed by
several glasses of water for adults

A

ANTI-EMETICS

102
Q

NI: May repeat ipecac dose in 30 min if the
first dose does not produce emesis

A

ANTI-EMETICS

103
Q

NI: Never give with or after activated
charcoal. If needed, give before the
activated charcoal, activated charcoal is
given via lavage if emetics ineffective

A

ANTI-EMETICS

104
Q

NI: Monitor VS especially RR because
apomorphine can cause respiratory
depression and hypotension

A

ANTI-EMETICS

105
Q

It is to eliminate fecal matter

A

LAXATIVE/CATHARTICS

106
Q

promote soft stools

107
Q

promote soft watery stool with
some cramping

A

CATHARTICS

108
Q

pull water into the
colon and increases water in the feces
to increase bulk which stimulates
peristalsis.

A

OSMOTIC LAXATIVES

109
Q

Hyperosmolar salts Saline products (
composed of sodium or magnesium)

A

OSMOTICS LAXATIVES

110
Q

cephulac (Lactulose)

A

OSMOTIC LAXATIVES

111
Q

Glycerin

A

OSMOTIC LAXATIVES

112
Q

Sodium biphosphate

A

OSMOTIC LAXATIVES

113
Q

increase peristalsis by
irritating the nerve endings in the
intestinal mucosa.

A

CONTACT LAXATIVES/ STIMULANTS/ IRRITANTS

114
Q

Senna (Senokot)

A

CONTACT LAXATIVES/ STIMULANTS/ IRRITANTS

115
Q

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A

CONTACT LAXATIVES/ STIMULANTS/ IRRITANTS

116
Q

Castor oil

A

CONTACT LAXATIVES/ STIMULANTS/ IRRITANTS

117
Q

natural fibrous substances that promote large, soft
stools by absorbing water into the
intestine, increasing fecal bulk and
peristalsis;non absorbable agents.

A

BULK FORMING

118
Q

psyllium (Metamucil)

A

BULK FORMING

119
Q

lubricants to prevent constipation, decrease
straining during defecation = lower
surface tension and promotes water
accumulation in the intestine and stool
docusate

A

EMOLLIENTS/ STOOL SOFTENERS

120
Q

Sodium (Colace)

A

EMOLLIENTS/ STOOL SOFTENERS

121
Q

lessen irritation to
hemorrhoids, cause lipid pneumonia if
accidentally aspirated.

A

LUBRICANTS

122
Q

Mineral oil

A

LUBRICANTS

123
Q

SE: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
(hypokalemia), abdominal cramps

A

LAXATIVES/CATHARTICS

124
Q

NI: Monitor for misuse of these drugs, can
be a habit forming, short term use (tone
of bowel)

125
Q

Monitor serum electrolytes

126
Q

Assess bowel elimination pattern:
discontinue if diarrhea persists, rectal
bleeding, cramping

127
Q

Do not give if obstruction is suspected
(abdominal pain with fever, nausea and
vomiting)

128
Q

Teach exercise and high fiber diet to
promote elimination

129
Q

Clients who should avoid straining may
benefit from a lubricant laxative

130
Q

Mineral oil enemas work well without
causing severe strain in clients who had
a recent heart attack and fecal
impaction

131
Q

Mineral oil enemas also work well if
saline is contraindicated

132
Q

Bulk forming laxatives which come in
flavored and sugar free forms would be
mixed in 8- 10 oz of water or juice and
drink immediately followed by a full
glass of water

133
Q

Take on an empty stomach

134
Q

removes toxins by binding
with them and forms a coating over the
mucosa

A

ABSORBENTS (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

135
Q

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

A

ABSORBENTS (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

136
Q

Activated charcoal

A

ABSORBENTS (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

137
Q

Kaolin

A

ABSORBENTS (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

138
Q

Pectin

A

ABSORBENTS (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

139
Q

decrease intestinal motility

A

OPIATES (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

140
Q

paregoric (camphorated opium tincture)
codeine

A

OPIATES (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

141
Q

diphenoxylate HCL + atropine sulfate
(Lomotil)

A

OPIATES (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

142
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

OPIATES (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

143
Q

Alcohol+ kaolin+ pectin+ paregoric =
parapectolin

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

144
Q

Scopolamine hydrobromide (Donnagel)

A

ANTICHOLINERGIC (ANTI-DIARRHEALS)

145
Q

USES: short term diarrhea, irritable bowel
syndrome, overdose SE: constipation;
dizziness; OPIATES=abuse potential, urinary
retention, dry mouth, flushing

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

146
Q

NI: Know how to administer properly.

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

147
Q

NI: Encourage clear liquids avoid fried
foods milk products

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

148
Q

NI: Instruct: relieve symptoms not cure the
disease

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

149
Q

NI: Notify physician if diarrhea persists
longer than 48 hours or if abdominal
pain occurs

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

150
Q

NI: Assess elimination, dehydration

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

151
Q

NI: Activated charcoal is a powder that must be mixed with water during
administration

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

152
Q

NI: Monitor VS ( opiates cause CNS
depression)

A

ANTI-DIARRHEALS

153
Q

MOA: stimulates motility of the upper GI tract
increase the rate of gastric emptying without
stimulating gastric, biliary or pancreatic secretions

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

154
Q

USES: gastroesophageal reflux, treat urinary
retention & abdominal distention

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

155
Q

CI: mechanical obstruction, perforation, GI
hemorrhage

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

156
Q

SE/ AE: restlessness, drowsiness, dizziness,
insomnia, HA, N/V, salivation, decrease CR,
BP, increase lung secretion & LBM

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

157
Q

bethanechol chloride ( Urecholine)

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

158
Q

metoclopramide (Plasil)

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

159
Q

domperidone (motilium)

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

160
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:
➔ Administer 30 minutes before meal and at
bedtime
➔ Monitor pulse, BP when large doses are
taken because of the risk of hypotension
➔ Monitor I & O

A

GASTROINTESTINAL STIMULANTS

Pharma (4 decks)

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