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Pharmacology > Drugs for Lower Resp Disorders (41) > Flashcards

Drugs for Lower Resp Disorders (41) Flashcards

1
Q

COPD includes several respiratory disorders which are irreversible:

  1. Chronic ____
  2. Emphysema
  3. ____
A

Bronchitis… Bronchiectasis

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2
Q

Reversible COPD disorder is ____

A

Asthma

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3
Q

Bronchial Asthma from environmental factors:

  1. ____
  2. ____ changes
  3. ____
  4. Emotion/Stress
A

Weather, Temperature… Exercise

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4
Q

Bronchial Asthma from pollutants:

  1. smoke
  2. ____ - paint, thinners
A

chemicals

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5
Q

Bronchial Asthma from allergens:

  1. Pollens
  2. Animal ____
  3. ____
A

dander… foods

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6
Q

Pathophysiology of Asthma

  1. ____ (hypersensitivity)
  2. ____ (RAD) instead of Asthma.
A

Hyperactivity… Reactive Airway Disease

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7
Q

Trigger of Asthma:
Stimulates mast cells to release chemical mediators.

3 main characteristics of asthma:

  1. ____
  2. Bronchial ____
  3. Increase bronchial ____
A

Bronchoconstriction… edema… secretions

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8
Q

epinephrine (Adrenalin is a ____ sympathomimetic that treats acute ____ d/t anaphylaxis from allergic reaction –> ____, increase ____

A

nonselective… bronchospasm… bronchodilation… blood pressure

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9
Q

Side effects of epinephrine:
Tremors, dizziness
Increase in ____, tachycardia, heart ____ and dysrhythmias.

A

Blood pressure, palpitations

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10
Q

Sympathomimetics are ____ adrenergic receptors which control ____ smooth muscle tone.

A

Beta2… bronchial

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11
Q

Sympathomimetics stimulate Beta2 adrenergic receptors, which ____ formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

A

increase

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12
Q

cAMP causes smooth muscle ____ & ____

A

relaxation… bronchodilation

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13
Q

Drugs affecting both Beta receptors will also have ____ cardiac side effects (____ & increase in ____).

A

cardiac… tachycardia… BP

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14
Q

Other side effects of sympathomimetics:

  1. CNS ____
  2. ____
  3. Nervousness, anxiety, ____
  4. GI ____
A

stimulation… insomnia… tremor… distress

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15
Q

Selective Beta2 agonist examples:
____ (Proventil)
Metaproterenol ____ (Alupent, Metaprel)

A

Albuterol… sulfate

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16
Q

Side effects of Beta2 agonists:
Tremors, nervousness, ____
Increase ____ rate, palpitations
May increase ____ levels

A

HA… pulse… blood glucose

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17
Q

Bronchodilating effect –> if the tolerance builds up with prolonged use, ____ the dose. If failure to respond tp previously effective dose, ____ getting worse.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

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18
Q

Sympathomimetics could be taken through p.o., inhalation, ____.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

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19
Q

Use aerosol inhaler at 1st sign of ____ or chest tightness (rescue inhalers)

A

respiratory distress

20
Q

Methylxanthine (Xanthine) Derivates interfere with enzyme that breaks down cyclic AMP –> Increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), which cause ____.

A

bronchodilation

21
Q

Mathylxanthine (Xanthine) Derivatives stimulate ____ cells in the ____ and the ____ muscle.
Diuresis –> loss of ____.

A

bronchi… heart… K+ ions

22
Q

Other side effects of Methylxanthine:

Tachycardia, GI ____, stimulation of CNS (____), potential for seizure activity.

A

distress… insomnia

23
Q

Theophylline therapeutic range is ____ mcg/mL, if you go past 20, ____.

A

10-20…. toxicity.

24
Q 
Monitor for toxicity:
\_\_\_\_, GI distress
Restlessness
Convulsions
Irregular \_\_\_\_
A

N/V… Heartbeat

25
Q

When on theophylline, avoid ____ containing beverages and foods with ____.

A

xanthine… caffeine

26
Q

Smoking increases ____ of drug, and may need to increase ____.

A

metabolism… dosage

27
Q

Examples of theophylline:
Theophylline (Theo-Dur, Theobid Duracaps) - time released capsules
Aminophylline - IV
Oral, Rectal, IV

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

28
Q

Leukotriene (LT) Receptor Antagonists:

montelukast (Singulair) blocks action of ____ —> blocks s/s of ____.

A

leukotrine…asthma

29
Q

LT Receptor Antagonists: Prophylactic/maintenance therapy for chronic asthma. NOT for ____ attacks. In regular & chewable tablet form.

A

acute.

30
Q

Glucorticoids (Steroids) - ____ action. Given if ____ does not respond to bronchodilator therapy. ____ effect with Beta2 agonists.

A

anti-inflammatory… asthma… synergistic

31
Q

(Glucocorticoid route) Meter Dose Inhaler (MDI) inhaler is not for severe attacks and may take ____ weeks for full effect.

A

1-4

32
Q

MDI inhaler is more effective for controlling ____ than Beta2 agonists. More of long-term is ____ (Vanceril, Beclovent)

A

Beclomethasone.

33
Q

(Glucocorticoid route) Tablet: Aristocort, dexamethasone (Decadron), and prednisone.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

34
Q

(glucocorticoids route) IV: demathasone (Decadron), hydrocortisone… ____ DOSE (all routes)

A

TAPER OFF

35
Q 
Side effects with long term use of glucocorticoids:
GI \_\_\_\_
HA, confusion
Sweating
\_\_\_\_
A

irritation…. insomnia

36
Q

Orally Inhaled SE:
throat irritation, hoarseness, dry mouth.
oral, laryngeal, pharyngeal fungal infections may occur… spacer may help

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

37
Q

Cromolyn Sodium (Intal) (NO CLASSIFICATION) is taken as a ____ tx ____. DOES NOT TX ____ attacks and status ____.

A

prophylactic… daily… acute asthma… asthmaticus

38
Q

Status Asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged, immobilizing attack of ____ that is unresponsive to normal bronchodilator treatment and should be treated as an ____.

A

asthma… EMERGENCY

39
Q

Cromolyn Sodium (Intal) has no bronchodilator activity but inhibits the release of ____. For ____ use only.

A

histamines… inhalation

40
Q

Serious side effect of Cromolyn Sodium is ____ bronchospasm –> DO NOT ____ abruptly.

A

rebound… discontinue

41
Q

Mucolytics decrease thickness of pulmonary secretions and help with removal of secretions –> Increase in pulmonary ____.

A

ventilation

42
Q

Mucolytics reduce thickness of pulmonary secretions in:

  1. COPD
  2. Cystic ____
  3. ____
A

fibrosis… pneumonia.

43
Q

acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) breaks apart much-proteins contained in respiratory mucus secretions

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

44
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst):

Nebulization directly into the ____ catheter. DO NOT mix with any other drugs!

A

intratracheal

45
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) may lead to large amount of liquefied secretions. Make sure the patient is able to ____ or have suction available.

A

cough.

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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