Diuretics (43)

Question 1

Diuretics remove ____ from the body. Used on clients with ____ and ____.

Answer 1

sodium… edema… hypertension.

Question 2

Regulation of Sodium balance by kidneys is determined by ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 2

GFR… aldosterone… baroreceptors.

Question 3

Diuretics promote excretion of sodium by ____ its absorption.

Answer 3

inhibiting.

Question 4

5 categories of diuretics:

1. Thiazide & thiazide-like
2. Loop
3. Osmotic
4. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
5. Potassium-sparing.

Answer 4

SEE OTHER SIDE AND LEARN

Question 5

Adverse effects of diuretics:
Hypokalemia:
Large concentration of ____ reaches the distal ____ –> greater ____ exchange ocurring –> ____ depletion.

Answer 5

sodium… tubules… sodium-potassium… potassium

Question 6

Adverse Effects of Diuretics:

1. If large amount of chloride excreted –> ____ depletion and metabolic ____.
2. Hypercalcemia - d/t loss of sodium, potassium, and magnesium… Promotes ____ reabsorption.

Answer 6

chloride… alkalosis… calcium

Question 7

Prolonged Tx: ____ and ____ supplements.

Answer 7

potassium… chloride.

Question 8

Other adverse effects of diuretics:

hyper____, hyper____, ____.

Answer 8

glycemia… uricemia… sensitivity

Question 9

Examples of diuretics:
chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Hydrochlorothiazide - HCTZ (Hydrodiuril)

Answer 9

SEE OTHER SIDE

Question 10

Monitor vital signs while on diuretics:

Serum electrolytes:
Potassium: 3.5-5.0
Glucose: 70-100
Uric Acid: 3.0-7.0

Answer 10

KNOW THE NUMBERS

Question 11

Observe for s/s of hypo____ (muscle weakness, leg ____, cardiac ____. Also watch weight daily and ____ output.

Answer 11

kalemia… cramps… dysrhythmias… urine.

Question 12

Take diuretics early in the ____. If orthostatic hypotension happens, change position slowly. Eat ____ rich foods and watch for ____ (take with food)

Answer 12

morning… potassium… GI upset

Question 13

Loop Diuretics inhibit reabsorption of sodium & chloride in ____ and reduces kidney’s ability to ____ urine.

Answer 13

ascending loop of Henle… concentrate.

Question 14

Loop diuretics are more ____ than thiazide diuretics, less ____ as an antihypertensive, and for clients with impaired ____.

Answer 14

potent… effective… GFR

Question 15

Adverse effects of loop diuretics:

Electrolyte ____, ____ hypotension, and ____ with aminoglycosides.

Answer 15

imbalances… orthostatic… ototoxicity.

Question 16

Digoxin –> digitalis toxicity.
Hypokalemia enhances action of ____ –> increase risk for ____.
Licorice can increase ____ loss –> ____.

Answer 16

digoxin… toxicity… potassium… hypokalemia.

Question 17

Examples of loop diuretics:
Furosemide (Lasix)
Bumetanide ( Bumex)

Answer 17

SEE OTHER SIDE AND LEARN

Question 18

Note onset of drug action of loop diuretics:
Increase in urine output:
Oral within ____.
IV within ____ (If not, notify health care provider)

Answer 18

1 hour… 5-20 minutes

Question 19

Nursing Interventions for diuretics:
I&O
Weight
\_\_\_\_
Adm \_\_\_\_ slowly

Answer 19

Vital signs… IV furosemide

Question 20

S/S hypokalemia (less than 3.5) - muscle weakness, leg cramps, cardiac dysrhythmias.
Monitor ____

Answer 20

serum K+

Question 21

Take loop diuretics in ____, take with food, and change ____ slowly.

Answer 21

morning… positions.

Question 22

Osmotic diuretics are mainly use to treat increased ____ & ____ pressure and prevent acute ____.

Answer 22

intracranial… intraocular…renal failure.

Question 23

Mannitol (IV) is a powerful diuretic (osmotic)

Answer 23

SEE OTHER SIDE

Question 24

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors are used to treat ____.

Answer 24

intraocular pressure

Question 25

Potassium-sparing diuretics are not as ____ as thiazide or loop diuretics and combine with another ____ or ____ drug

Answer 25

strong… diuretic… antihypertensive.

Question 26

Aldosterone mineralocorticoid hormone promotes ____ retention & ____ excretion.

Answer 26

Na+… K+

Question 27

Potassium-sparing diuretics block action of ____ and inhibit ____ excretion (combined with ____ - depleting diuretic to decrease occurrence of ____)

Answer 27

aldosterone… K+… potassium… hypokalemia

Question 28

Adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics:

Hyperkalemia - do not use ____ supplements with ____ diuretics.

Answer 28

K+… K+ sparing.

Question 29

Examples of potassium-sparing diuretics:
spironolactone (Aldactone) - inhibits action of ____.
triamterene ( Dyrenium)
amiloride (Midamor)

Answer 29

aldosterone

Question 30

While on potassium sparing diuretics, monitor urinary output. Report if less than ____ or less than ____.

Answer 30

30mL/hour… 60mL/24 hours.

Question 31

Observe for s/s of hyperkalemia - nausea, ____, abd cramps, numbness, tingling, ____.

Answer 31

diarrhea… tachycardia.

Question 32

Take potassium sparing diuretics with or after meals, do not d/c without consulting health care provider, avoid exposure to direct sunlight d/t ____, and avoid foods high in ____.

Answer 32

photosensitivity… K+