Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Cardiac Drugs (42) > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs (42) Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Functions:
____ –> contraction
Chronotropic –> ____
____ –> electrical impulses

A

inotropic… heart rate… dromotropic..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac glycosides:

____ & similar drugs –> ____ plant (digitalis)

A

Digoxin… Foxglove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) –> ____ can’t pump entire amount of blood received, which causes cardiac ____.

A

ventricles… distention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CHF heart adapts leads to ____.

Decrease of renal blood flow, which leads to ____ and ____ retention.

A

hypertrophy…Na+ & water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
CHF Signs and Symptoms:
Weight \_\_\_\_
Edema
SOB
Pulmonary \_\_\_\_
A

gain… congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiac glycosides give a ____ inotropic action, which ____ force of heart contraction –> will ____ mechanical efficiency which will ____ size of heart.

A

positive…increases… increase… decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Positive inotropic action of cardiac glycosides –> it increases ____ to kidneys, which will have a ____ effect and relieve ____ retention

A

blood flow… diuretic… Na+ & water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Negative chronotropic action of cardiac glycosides –> slows heart rate (Tx: CHF, ____)

A

arrhythmias…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stay with the ____ brand when choosing the drug of choice for cardiac effects.

A

same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Digitoxin - rarely prescribed but has a very long half-life.
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - commonly used
DO NOT ____ THE TWO.

A

CONFUSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Digitalization - bring ____ levels up to therapeutic levels

A

serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dosage of Digoxin/Digitoxin:
Digitalization - p.o. 0.5 - 1mg in 2 divided doses.
Maintenance - p.o. 0.125 - 0.5 mg/day

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the therapeutic blood levels 0.8 - 2mg

Low therapeutic index - very low to toxic levels so monitor clients.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

S/S Drug toxicity of Digoxin/Digitoxin:
GI distress (n/v, diarrhea, abd pain)
Euro effects (visual disturbances, restless, ____)
Cardiac effects: ____

A

HA…Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Predisposing factors to toxicity:
Hypokalemia
____ impairment
IV drug administration

A

renal…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antidote for severe intoxication:

Digoxin ____ - binds with digoxin and forms complex molecules that are then excreted in the ____.

A

immune fab… urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
milrinone lactate (Primacor)
gives a \_\_\_\_ inotropic effect on heart and direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle which leads to \_\_\_\_ (helps increase \_\_\_\_)
A

positive….vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

milrinone lactate is for ____ management and those who do not respond well to other meds.

A

short-term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Miltrinone only give through ____ –> 0.375 - 0.75 mcg/kg/min

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Check apical pulse for one minute before administering Digoxin/Digitoxin and do not give if pulse rate is less than ____ bpm.

A

60…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Monitor serum digoxin levels:
normal range –> ____ mg/mL
toxic –> ____ mg/mL

A

0.8 - 2… greater than 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Monitor serum potassium levels (Normal range: ____)

Report ____.

A

3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L… hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Instruct client how to check pulse rate when taking Digoxin/Digitoxin.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Report side effects to health care provider:
Low ____
n/v, ____, ____ disturbances

A

pulse rate… HA… visual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Encourage foods high in ____ (BANANAS)

A

potassium

26
Q

Antianginal drugs destroy the plaque that builds up in lumens of blood vessels which leads to ____.

A

atherosclerosis

27
Q

In the coronary arteries, there is less blood flow to the heart muscle so ischemia leads to angina pectoris (chest pain).

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

28
Q

3 Types of Antianginal drugs:
Nitrates
Beta-blockers
Calcium channel blockers

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

29
Q

Nitroglycerin (NTG) most important drug in symptomatic relief of ____.

A

angina.

30
Q 
NTG SL(Sub Lingual):
Most common route
\_\_\_\_, predictable action
Onset \_\_\_\_ min
For acute \_\_\_\_ attack
A

Rapid… 1-3… anginal

31
Q

Example of NTG SL:

Nitrostat - ____ sensation –> tabs still potent

A

burning.

32
Q

Nitroglycerin Ointment:
Applied over 6x6 inch area of skin
Cover with plastic ____.

A

wrap

33
Q

NTG transdermal patch:
____ sites
Worn ____ hrs/day
“Patch-Off” period of ____ hours which helps prevent tolerance.

A

rotate… 12-14… 8-12

34
Q

NTG - Side Effects:
HA - most common - take ____ for relief
Hypotension, dizziness, ____
Taper off transdermal patch to prevent ____ effect.

A

acetaminophen… weakness… rebound

35
Q

When taking NTG:
ID card
Avoid ____
SL NTG: ____ of attack.

A

tobacco… 1st sign

36
Q

Take SL NTG if chest pain occurs… If pain is not better or has worsened 5 minutes after first dose, call ____.

A

911.

37
Q

Sit or lie down when taking NTG products for 1st time to prevent ____.
Fresh supply of SL NTG tabs every ____ months and store away from ____.

A

hypotension… 3… heat.

38
Q

Avoid direct contact with the topical preparations when administering NTG. Rotate ____ sites to prevent skin ____. Avoid where the fibrillation paddles may be displaced or ____ areas.

A

patch… irritation… hairy.

39
Q

IV NTG is only administered in ____.

Do not mix NTG with ____.

A

glass bottles… other drugs.

40
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers decrease effect of ____ n.s. by blocking Epi and Norepi which will decrease ____ and ____.

A

sympathetic… HR… BP.

41
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers decrease ____ and myocardial ____ –> decreased need for oxygen consumption which will decrease ____ pain. Do not ____ abruptly.

A

HR… contractility… anginal… d/c

42
Q

Nonselective beta adrenergic blockers :
propranolol (INderal)
nadolol (Corgard)
These will decrease ____ and ____ but cause ____.

A

HR… BP… bronchoconstriction.

43
Q

Selective Beta blockers (cardiac):
atenolol (Tenormin)
metoprolol (Lopressor) - decreases ____ and ____, avoids ____, also drug group of choice for ____.

A

HR… BP… bronchoconstriction… angina.

44
Q

When giving Beta blockers, monitor vital signs closely in early stages of therapy.
Taper off drug slowly to prevent ____.

A

rebound effect.

45
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers - relax coronary artery spasm and ____ arterioles which will ____ oxygen demand, which will ____ cardiac contractility, which will ____ decrease workload of heart.

A

peripheral… decrease… decrease… decrease

46
Q 
Calcium Channel Blockers Examples:
verapamil (Calan)
nifedipine (Procardia)
diltiazem (Cardizem)
Frequently given with other \_\_\_\_ drugs.
A

antianginal.

47
Q

S/S of Calcium Channel Blockers:

HA, ____, dizziness, ____.

A

hypotension… flushing

48
Q

Heart rhythm controlled by primary pacemaker ____ node.

A

SA

49
Q

Cardiac dysrhythmia is a spontaneous electrical discharge anywhere. Also, any deviation from normal rate pattern is considered dysrhythmia.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

50
Q

Cardioversion - externally induce electrical impulses through artificial ____ or drug therapy.

A

pacemakers

51
Q

Antidysrhythmic drugs diminish/obliterate rhythm problems and depress myocardial ____ and ____.

A

excitability… contractility.

52
Q

Antidysrhythmic drugs decrease conduction velocity in cardiac tissue, suppress spontaneous ____, and block ____ stimulation of heart.

A

depolarization… adrenergic.

53
Q

Most antidysrhythmic drugs are administered through IV until heart converts to ____ sinus rhythm –> ____ maintenance doses after.

A

normal… oral

54
Q

4 classes of antidysrhythmic drugs:

  1. ____ Channel Blockers
  2. ____ Blockers
  3. Drugs that prolong ____.
  4. ____ Channel Blockers.
A

Sodium… Beta… repolarization…. Calcium

55
Q

Sodium channel blocker example:

procainamide (Pronestyl) depresses myocardial ____ by slowing down ____ of cardiac tissue.

A

excitability… conductivity.

56
Q

Sodium channel blocker example:

lidocaine (Xylocaine) for acute ____ dysrhythmias

A

ventricular

57
Q

procainamide (Pronestyl) and lidocaine (Xylocaine) Side Effects:

high doses: bradycardia, ____.
less serious: dizziness, ____.

Local anesthetic activity

A

hypotension… light-headedness

58
Q

Be sure client is not sensitive to similar local ____.

A

anesthetics.

59
Q 
Sodium channel blockers examples:
flecainide (Tambocor)
propafenone HCL (Rhythmol)

Tx: life-threatening ____ dysrhythmias.

A

ventricular.

60
Q 
Class IV (Calcium Channel Blockers):
verapamil (Calan) blocks calcium influx which decreases \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ and treats \_\_\_\_, angina, and \_\_\_\_.
A

excitability… contractility… dysrhythmias… hypotension.

61
Q

Monitor ____ for decreased ____ and ____ for abnormal patterns.

A

vital signs… BP… ECG

62
Q

Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco when on antidysrhythmics.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

Pharmacology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions