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Pharmacology > Cardiac Drugs (42) > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs (42) Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Functions:
____ –> contraction
Chronotropic –> ____
____ –> electrical impulses

A

inotropic… heart rate… dromotropic..

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2
Q

Cardiac glycosides:

____ & similar drugs –> ____ plant (digitalis)

A

Digoxin… Foxglove

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3
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) –> ____ can’t pump entire amount of blood received, which causes cardiac ____.

A

ventricles… distention.

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4
Q

CHF heart adapts leads to ____.

Decrease of renal blood flow, which leads to ____ and ____ retention.

A

hypertrophy…Na+ & water.

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5
Q 
CHF Signs and Symptoms:
Weight \_\_\_\_
Edema
SOB
Pulmonary \_\_\_\_
A

gain… congestion

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6
Q

Cardiac glycosides give a ____ inotropic action, which ____ force of heart contraction –> will ____ mechanical efficiency which will ____ size of heart.

A

positive…increases… increase… decreases

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7
Q

Positive inotropic action of cardiac glycosides –> it increases ____ to kidneys, which will have a ____ effect and relieve ____ retention

A

blood flow… diuretic… Na+ & water

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8
Q

Negative chronotropic action of cardiac glycosides –> slows heart rate (Tx: CHF, ____)

A

arrhythmias…

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9
Q

Stay with the ____ brand when choosing the drug of choice for cardiac effects.

A

same

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10
Q

Digitoxin - rarely prescribed but has a very long half-life.
Digoxin (Lanoxin) - commonly used
DO NOT ____ THE TWO.

A

CONFUSE

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11
Q

Digitalization - bring ____ levels up to therapeutic levels

A

serum

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12
Q

Dosage of Digoxin/Digitoxin:
Digitalization - p.o. 0.5 - 1mg in 2 divided doses.
Maintenance - p.o. 0.125 - 0.5 mg/day

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

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13
Q

What are the therapeutic blood levels 0.8 - 2mg

Low therapeutic index - very low to toxic levels so monitor clients.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

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14
Q

S/S Drug toxicity of Digoxin/Digitoxin:
GI distress (n/v, diarrhea, abd pain)
Euro effects (visual disturbances, restless, ____)
Cardiac effects: ____

A

HA…Bradycardia

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15
Q

Predisposing factors to toxicity:
Hypokalemia
____ impairment
IV drug administration

A

renal…

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16
Q

Antidote for severe intoxication:

Digoxin ____ - binds with digoxin and forms complex molecules that are then excreted in the ____.

A

immune fab… urine.

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17
Q 
milrinone lactate (Primacor)
gives a \_\_\_\_ inotropic effect on heart and direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle which leads to \_\_\_\_ (helps increase \_\_\_\_)
A

positive….vasodilation

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18
Q

milrinone lactate is for ____ management and those who do not respond well to other meds.

A

short-term

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19
Q

Miltrinone only give through ____ –> 0.375 - 0.75 mcg/kg/min

A

IV

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20
Q

Check apical pulse for one minute before administering Digoxin/Digitoxin and do not give if pulse rate is less than ____ bpm.

A

60…

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21
Q

Monitor serum digoxin levels:
normal range –> ____ mg/mL
toxic –> ____ mg/mL

A

0.8 - 2… greater than 2

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22
Q

Monitor serum potassium levels (Normal range: ____)

Report ____.

A

3.5 - 5.3 mEq/L… hypokalemia

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23
Q

Instruct client how to check pulse rate when taking Digoxin/Digitoxin.

A

SEE OTHER SIDE

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24
Q

Report side effects to health care provider:
Low ____
n/v, ____, ____ disturbances

A

pulse rate… HA… visual

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25
Encourage foods high in ____ (BANANAS)
potassium
26
Antianginal drugs destroy the plaque that builds up in lumens of blood vessels which leads to ____.
atherosclerosis
27
In the coronary arteries, there is less blood flow to the heart muscle so ischemia leads to angina pectoris (chest pain).
SEE OTHER SIDE
28
3 Types of Antianginal drugs: Nitrates Beta-blockers Calcium channel blockers
SEE OTHER SIDE
29
Nitroglycerin (NTG) most important drug in symptomatic relief of ____.
angina.
30
``` NTG SL(Sub Lingual): Most common route ____, predictable action Onset ____ min For acute ____ attack ```
Rapid... 1-3... anginal
31
Example of NTG SL: | Nitrostat - ____ sensation --> tabs still potent
burning.
32
Nitroglycerin Ointment: Applied over 6x6 inch area of skin Cover with plastic ____.
wrap
33
NTG transdermal patch: ____ sites Worn ____ hrs/day "Patch-Off" period of ____ hours which helps prevent tolerance.
rotate... 12-14... 8-12
34
NTG - Side Effects: HA - most common - take ____ for relief Hypotension, dizziness, ____ Taper off transdermal patch to prevent ____ effect.
acetaminophen... weakness... rebound
35
When taking NTG: ID card Avoid ____ SL NTG: ____ of attack.
tobacco... 1st sign
36
Take SL NTG if chest pain occurs... If pain is not better or has worsened 5 minutes after first dose, call ____.
911.
37
Sit or lie down when taking NTG products for 1st time to prevent ____. Fresh supply of SL NTG tabs every ____ months and store away from ____.
hypotension... 3... heat.
38
Avoid direct contact with the topical preparations when administering NTG. Rotate ____ sites to prevent skin ____. Avoid where the fibrillation paddles may be displaced or ____ areas.
patch... irritation... hairy.
39
IV NTG is only administered in ____. | Do not mix NTG with ____.
glass bottles... other drugs.
40
Beta adrenergic blockers decrease effect of ____ n.s. by blocking Epi and Norepi which will decrease ____ and ____.
sympathetic... HR... BP.
41
Beta Adrenergic Blockers decrease ____ and myocardial ____ --> decreased need for oxygen consumption which will decrease ____ pain. Do not ____ abruptly.
HR... contractility... anginal... d/c
42
Nonselective beta adrenergic blockers : propranolol (INderal) nadolol (Corgard) These will decrease ____ and ____ but cause ____.
HR... BP... bronchoconstriction.
43
Selective Beta blockers (cardiac): atenolol (Tenormin) metoprolol (Lopressor) - decreases ____ and ____, avoids ____, also drug group of choice for ____.
HR... BP... bronchoconstriction... angina.
44
When giving Beta blockers, monitor vital signs closely in early stages of therapy. Taper off drug slowly to prevent ____.
rebound effect.
45
Calcium Channel Blockers - relax coronary artery spasm and ____ arterioles which will ____ oxygen demand, which will ____ cardiac contractility, which will ____ decrease workload of heart.
peripheral... decrease... decrease... decrease
46
``` Calcium Channel Blockers Examples: verapamil (Calan) nifedipine (Procardia) diltiazem (Cardizem) Frequently given with other ____ drugs. ```
antianginal.
47
S/S of Calcium Channel Blockers: | HA, ____, dizziness, ____.
hypotension... flushing
48
Heart rhythm controlled by primary pacemaker ____ node.
SA
49
Cardiac dysrhythmia is a spontaneous electrical discharge anywhere. Also, any deviation from normal rate pattern is considered dysrhythmia.
SEE OTHER SIDE
50
Cardioversion - externally induce electrical impulses through artificial ____ or drug therapy.
pacemakers
51
Antidysrhythmic drugs diminish/obliterate rhythm problems and depress myocardial ____ and ____.
excitability... contractility.
52
Antidysrhythmic drugs decrease conduction velocity in cardiac tissue, suppress spontaneous ____, and block ____ stimulation of heart.
depolarization... adrenergic.
53
Most antidysrhythmic drugs are administered through IV until heart converts to ____ sinus rhythm --> ____ maintenance doses after.
normal... oral
54
4 classes of antidysrhythmic drugs: 1. ____ Channel Blockers 2. ____ Blockers 3. Drugs that prolong ____. 4. ____ Channel Blockers.
Sodium... Beta... repolarization.... Calcium
55
Sodium channel blocker example: | procainamide (Pronestyl) depresses myocardial ____ by slowing down ____ of cardiac tissue.
excitability... conductivity.
56
Sodium channel blocker example: | lidocaine (Xylocaine) for acute ____ dysrhythmias
ventricular
57
procainamide (Pronestyl) and lidocaine (Xylocaine) Side Effects: high doses: bradycardia, ____. less serious: dizziness, ____. Local anesthetic activity
hypotension... light-headedness
58
Be sure client is not sensitive to similar local ____.
anesthetics.
59
``` Sodium channel blockers examples: flecainide (Tambocor) propafenone HCL (Rhythmol) ``` Tx: life-threatening ____ dysrhythmias.
ventricular.
60
``` Class IV (Calcium Channel Blockers): verapamil (Calan) blocks calcium influx which decreases ____ and ____ and treats ____, angina, and ____. ```
excitability... contractility... dysrhythmias... hypotension.
61
Monitor ____ for decreased ____ and ____ for abnormal patterns.
vital signs... BP... ECG
62
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco when on antidysrhythmics.
SEE OTHER SIDE

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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