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02. Cardiopulm Renal > Drugs for Asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Drugs for Asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

terbutaline

A

short acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)

only beta 2 drug available by subcutaneous injection

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2
Q

Albuterol

A

short acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)

first line of treatment

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3
Q

pirbuterol

A
  • short acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)
  • prevention and reversal of bronchospasm
  • can produce clinically significant cardiovascular effects in some patients
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4
Q

levalbuterol

A

short acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)

treatment and prevention of bronchospasm

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5
Q

formoterol

A
  • long acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)
  • high lipid solubility due to long half life
  • patients >5 y/o as ADD ON to corticosteroid in asthma
  • maintenance bronchoconstriction in COPD
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6
Q

salmeterol

A
  • long acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)
  • high lipid solubility due to long half life
  • prevention exercise-induced bronchospasm
  • in patients >4 y/o
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7
Q

indacaterol and vilanterol

A
  • long acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)
  • high lipid solubility due to long half life
  • Tx breathing problems caused by COPD
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8
Q

olodaterol

A
  • long acting beta 2 agonist (relax airway smooth muscle)
  • high lipid solubility due to long half life
  • long term, once daily maintenance bronchodilator
  • COPD patients
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9
Q

ipratropium

A
  • anticholinergic drug, M3 antagonist
  • free of systemic atropine-like effects
  • COPD drug
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10
Q

tiotropium

A
  • anticholinergic drug, M3 antagonist
  • slower dissociating, once daily maintenance Tx
  • COPD drug
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11
Q

aclidinium

A
  • anticholinergic drug, M3 antagonist
  • long term maintenance Tx of bronchospasm
  • COPD drug
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12
Q

What patients should be cautious using methylxanthine?

A

pts with peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias

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13
Q

MOA methylxanthines

A

derived from purine base, Xanthine; inhibit PDE (increase cAMP) causing smooth muscle relaxation and suppress response of airways to stimuli

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14
Q

theophylline

A
  • methylxanthine (increase cAMP)
  • treat asthma/COPD/chronic bronchitis
  • take orally
  • narrow therapeutic window
  • CYP 450 metabolism
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15
Q

methylxanthine drugs

A
  • theophylline
  • theobromine
  • caffeine
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16
Q

inhaled corticosteroids use/side effect

A
  • added as daily maintenance

- side effect = oral pharyngeal candida

17
Q

beclomethasone

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • pts 5+ y/o
  • RISK of adrenal insufficiency
18
Q

budesonide

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • pts 6+ y/o
  • NOT GOOD WITH MILK ALLERGY
19
Q

ciclesonide

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • pts 12+ y/o
20
Q

flunisolide

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • may eliminate need for oral corticosteroids
  • pts 6+ y/o
21
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • NOT for acute bronchospasm
  • pts 4+ y/o
  • ORAL CANDIDA RISK
22
Q

momentasone

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • CONTRAINDICATED WITH MILK ALLERGY
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • pts 4+ y/o
23
Q

triamcinolone

A
  • inhaled corticosteroid
  • maintenance Tx asthma and prophylactic therapy
  • indicated in patients requiring systemic corticosteroids
  • DEATHS d/t adrenal insufficiency have occurred
  • contraindicated status asthmaticus
24
Q

oral and parenteral corticosteroids

A
  • combine with short acting-beta agonists for flareups

- oral steroids more likely to cause side effects than inhaled

25
Q

prednisone

A
  • oral and parenteral corticosteroids
  • used as anti-inflam/immunosuppressive
  • may lead to HPA axis suppression
26
Q

leukotriene receptor antagonist MOA and use

A
  • block cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CystLT1)

- used for treatment and prevention of acute asthma attacks, taken ORALLY

27
Q

zafirlukast

A
  • leukotriene receptor antagonist
  • CAN CAUSE LIVER INJURY
  • prophylaxis and chronic Tx of adults and children 5+ y/o
28
Q

montelukast

A
  • leukotriene receptor antagonist
  • inhibits actions of LTD4 at CysLT1 receptor w/o agonist
  • treat allergies and prevent asthma attacks
  • not used for reversal of bronchospasms in acute attacks
29
Q

zileuton

A
  • 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
  • thus inhibits leukotriene formation
  • prophylaxis and chronic Tx of asthma
  • NOT RECOMMENDED in active liver dz (hepatic enzymes >3x normal limit)
30
Q

MOA monoclonal Ab drugs

A
  • prevent activity of mast cells

- using anti- IgE Ab

31
Q

Uses Omalizumab (3)

A
  • for moderate to severe persistent asthma
  • patients 6+ y/o with positive skin test or invitro reactivity to perennial aeroallergen
  • chronic idiopathic urticaria
32
Q

class omalizumab

A

monoclonal Ab

33
Q

Risk omalizumab

A
  • ANAPHYLAXIS

- should only be administered in a health care setting due to life threatening activity

02. Cardiopulm Renal (5 decks)

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