drugs : ch.7 Flashcards
what is a drug ?
something that can cause a physiological response
what are the modes of ingestion?
swallowing,injection, inhaling, or absorption (skin)
true or false: all drugs are toxic?
depends on the dosage
which drugs WILL affect your brain pain receptors
- cocaine
- heroin
- fetanyl
- morphine
which drugs WILL NOT affect your brain pain receptors
- advil (ibuprophen)
- aleeve
- asprin
- tylenol
the aspirin story:
- chewing the bark of a willow tree was recommended to help with tooth ache.. BUT noticed some stomach problems, so “Bayer” brand decided to add “acid anyhride” the salicyclic acid (tree) to help with both
what are the 3 classifications of drug origin
natural: plants (THC)
semi-synthetic: added something to it (aspirin)
synthetic: made in lab
what are the 5 general categories
- analgesics
- depressants
- hallucinogens
- narcotics
- stimulants
what do analgesics do?
name some examples
overall relieve pain
aspirin, morphine, ibuprofen, naproxen
- aspirin: stop pain by reducing fever and inflammation
- morphine: attaches to opiod receptors to block nerve impulses in the brain
what is the difference between aspirin and morphine
aspirin effects the cause of pain, morphine blocks the nerve impulses that signal pain
what do depressants do?
examples of some
depress the functions of CNS : slowing your heart beat, reduce anxiety, promote sleep
- benzodiazepine (synthetic) (valium)
how does valium behave ?
binds to the GABA receptors causing things to slow and resulting in an enhanced depression
what are hallucinogens?
examples ?
alter the perception of time and reality; movement, thoughts,perceptions,vision/hearing
-LSD , marijuana
what are the 2 types of molecular skeletons hallucinogens are based on
phenylethlyamine and tryptamines
what are narcotics ?
examples?
very similar to analgesics/depressants: depress CNS and promote sleep
-morphine,codeine,heroin,oxycodone,hydrocodone
what are stimulants?
examples?
stimulate the CNS; alertness,interferes with sleep
- cocaine, methamphetamine,amphetamine
-at a higher does they are like hallucinogens
hat does cocaine do?
blocks absorption of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine : leads to stimulation and hallucinogenic responses
what are the 4 “By Use” categories
- Club drugs - ectasy(MDMA)
- Human Performance Drugs - steroids
- Inhalants - nail polish
- Predator Drugs - ketamine
Why must drugs be classifies by schedule?
due to the “Controlled substance act in 1970” it divides drugs into categories based in their medical use vs potential abuse
Analysis of the 5 P’s ___
Powders : crystalline
Plant Matter : marijuana
Pills : prescription drugs
Precursors : pseudoephedrine used to make methamphetamine
Paraphenalia: equipment to prep drugs (cookers,razor blades)
what is the analysis of seized drugs ?
- Presumptive color and precipitate
“spot test”; followed by gc-ms , raman, nmr , etc..
MOST common tests : and what is included
- Cobalt Thiocyanate: cocaine
- Duquenois Levine (DL) : marijuana (vanillin/acetaldehyde)
- Marquis: opium derivatives (amphetamine, sulfuric acid & formaldehyde)
- pDMAB: LSD (indole/ehlrich test)
- Ferric chloride (phenol qualities)
what makes the addictive characteristics between aspirin vs morphine
different mechanisms; morphine attaches to opiod receptors in the CNS, which also makes it addictive and therefore affects CNS/brain !
what is a “cutting agent”
drugs are expensive! so extending your range by diluting your drugs with:
diluents: inactive , sugars
adulterants: active , lidocaine
both similar properties and taste
