chemistry of polymers

Question 1

what are the 3 classified polymers ?

Answer 1

bipolymers
semisynthetic
synthetic organic

Question 2

examples of biopolymers __

Answer 2

natural (plants/animals)

Question 3

example of semi synthetic ___

Answer 3

between bio and synthetic
- rayon and cellophane

Question 4

examples of synthetics __

Answer 4

plastics

Question 5

monomers can be __ or ___

Answer 5

simple (PVC) or complex (nylon)

Question 6

T/F polymers have different linkages that may affect their properties

Answer 6

T : transition temp, temp for tension in backbone (flexibility)

Question 7

crystalline polymers are __ structures, and amorphous solids are __ structures

Answer 7

organize
UNorganized

Question 8

polymers of carbohydrate monomers (sugars) are also known as __

Answer 8

polysaccharides

Question 9

what 2 common dimers are also known as table sugar

Answer 9

glucose and fructose

Question 10

the chemical basis for a ring formation =

Answer 10

aldehyde + alcohol = hemiacetal which is converted to chiral center or ketone + alcohol = hemiketal

Question 11

pyran comes from the __
while Duran refers to a ___

Answer 11

6 membered ring
5 membered ring

Question 12

where is the alpha linkage found ? beta linkage ?

Answer 12

glycogen
cellulose

Question 13

what happens in pyranose formation?

Answer 13

C-5 hydroxyl group attacks C-1 of the aldehyde to form an intramolecular hemiacetal

Question 14

T/F monosaccharides are the simplistic carbohydrates

Answer 14

T

Question 15

Pyranose rings can adopt two types of conformation called __

Answer 15

boat and chair
(in chair they have 2 orientations : axial and equatorial)

Question 16

what are the 4 types of forensic interest with biopolymers ?

Answer 16

chitin , cellulose, cellulose related, and starch

Question 17

where is chitin found ?

Answer 17

exoskeletons of insects and anthropods (contains an amide linkage)

Question 18

forensic entomoroxicologist do__

Answer 18

examine insects associated with cadavers in effort to identify characteristic metabolites of drugs and poisons

Question 19

monosaccharides are linked to form ___

Answer 19

complex carbohydrates

Question 20

If all monosaccharides in the polysaccharide are the same, the polysaccharide is called a __

Answer 20

homopolymer

Question 21

___ is the storage form of glucose in animal cells

Answer 21

glycogen

Question 22

Starch is made up of ___

Answer 22

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 23

T/F cellulose is rigid due to hydrogen bonding

Answer 23

T

Question 24

T/F humans are not able to digest cellulose

Answer 24

T: because they do not have the beta glucosidase enzyme

Question 25

what is the main difference between cellulose and glycogen?

Answer 25

alpha and beta linkages

Question 26

Paper is made from ___

Answer 26

wood pulp consisting of fibers that incorporate water into the matrix

Question 27

amylopectin is insoluble and the formation is usually ___ in comparison to glycogen

Answer 27

tall branches that don’t branch off till the end, but glycogen has multiple branches that go off anywhere

Question 28

process of cotton obtained for forensic labs :

Answer 28

1. cotton plant produces pink flowers that fall off and leave behind a seed pod (boll)
2. cellulose fibers grow inside until boll breaks open to give raw cotton fibers
3. the seeds are removed by a cotton gin and baled fibers are shipped for processing
4. cotton identifies by polarizing light microscopy

Question 29

T/F cotton is not a strong fiber

Answer 29

T because the fibers are short and these are spun together rather than a long fiber

Question 30

why are raw materials like wood treated with a base ?

Answer 30

promotes partial oxidation of the cellulose and decrease polymerization