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3rd year > drugs cc lec > Flashcards

drugs cc lec Flashcards

1
Q

relationship between the amount of exposure and how the body would react in response or doeses that person intakes (pharmacodynamics)

A

dose-response relationship

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2
Q

drug with high affinity for its target receptor is more likely to produce a therapeutic effect at lower concentrations

A

receptor binding affinity

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3
Q

the amt of concentraition of a drug needed to produce specific effect

A

potency

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4
Q

maximum effect or therapeutic response that a drug can produce, regardless of dose

A

efficacy

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5
Q

transfer of drug from its site of administration to blood flow and the three major factors affecting it

A

absorption

  • route of administration
  • blood flow
  • concentration gradient
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6
Q

process wherein drug reversibly leaves the bloodstream and enters the target organ

A

distribution

  • size of organ
  • solubility
  • blood flow
  • protein binding
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7
Q

drugs are chemically altered in the body

A

metabolism

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8
Q

3 metabolic fates

A
  • termination of drug action
  • drug activation
  • elimination without metabolism
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9
Q

drugs are metabolized into biologically inactive derivatives

A

termination of drug action

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10
Q

prodrugs are metabolized in the body to become active

A

drug activation

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11
Q

some drugs are not modified by the body and continue to act until they are excreted

A

elimination without metabolism

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12
Q

termination of drug action

A

eliminationr

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13
Q

release of drugs or their metabolites in the urine, stool, bile, exhaled air

A

excretiond

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14
Q

duration of drug action is determined by? (2)

A
  • dose administered
  • rate of elikmination following last dose
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15
Q

basis on how long will the drug be staying in our body before being fully removed

A

half life

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16
Q

aromatic cmpnd produced in cigarettes and exhausts of engines; causes lung cancer

A

benzopyrene

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17
Q

preservatives in red meats; causes colon cancer

A

nitrites

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18
Q

produced by fungus Aspergillus spp; causes hepatocellular carcinoma

A

aflatoxin

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19
Q

substance usually used as food preservative, starting chemical for other chemicals
- exposure to radiation

both causes acute leukemia

A

benzene, ionizing radiation

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20
Q

primarily used to make heart plastic resin

A

vinyl chloride

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21
Q

administered to patients who will undergo CT scan/MRI to enhance clear picture

A

thorotrast (Dye)

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22
Q

both vinyl chloride and thorotrast causes what cancer

A

angiosarcoma

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23
Q

occupational hazard, common to construction workers; dust-like structure; common in construction sites

causes lung cancer and mesothelioma

A

asbestos

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24
Q

carcinogens bind to what

A

DNA

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25
encoded proteins or oncoproteinsl abnormal and cause mutations and certain conditions GCMS (method of choice)
oncogenese
26
pesticide, binds to ferric state of iron and inactivates iron-containing enzymes
cyanide
27
inhibits electron transport and induces cell death
cyanide
28
cleared by rapid enzymatic conversion to thiocyanate through renal filtration
cyanide
29
primary sources include gasoline engines, improper ventilated furnaces, wood or plastic fires
carbon monoxide
30
higher affinity to RBC compared to oxygen
carbon monoxide
31
affinity of carboxyhemoglobin compared to oxygen
200-225 times
32
causes leftward shift in oxy-hgb dissociation curve
carboxyhemoglobin/carbon monoxide
33
notable symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning
cherry red appearance of skin
34
most common drug of abuse because of presence in alcoholic beverages
ethanol
35
metabolized by what enzyme into acetaldehyde/acetyl coa
ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase
36
fatal dose of ethanol
300-400 mL pure (600-800 of 100 proof whiskey) consumed in less than 1 hour
37
act as sedative-hypnotic and depresses CNS irregularly
ethanol
38
unresponsive but with physical stimulation
stupor
39
to check for ethanol intoxication, check for these enzymes
gamma glutamyl transferase alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase high density lipoprotein mean cell volume
40
wood alcohol
methanol
41
fatal dose of methanol
60-250 mL but as little as 15 mL causes death
42
metabolites of methanol and the enzymes
formaldehyde; alcohol dehydrogenase heptaic ADH; ocular toxicity formic acid; aldehyde dehydrogenase hepatic ALDH; metabolic acidosis
43
used in car radiator antifreeze and hydraulic fluid
ethylene glycol
44
ingested by children due to sweet taste
ethylene glycol
45
metabolites of ethylene glycol
glycoaldehyde, glycolic acid, glyoxylic, oxalic acid
46
toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol
oxalic acid and glycolic acid
47
presence of oxalic acid leads to formation of what
calcium oxalate in urine
48
calcium oxalate crystals lead to what condition
renal tubular damage
49
method of choice of ethylene glycol
HPLC measurement
50
rubbing alcohol; only toxic when ingested
isopropyl alcohol
51
metabolites of isopropanol
acetone, carbon dioxide, water (hepatic ADH)
52
fatal dose of isopropanol
250 mL
53
method of choice for isopropanol
gas chromatography
54
one of metals tested in chicken and tuna
arsenic
55
ant poisons, rodenticides, herbicides, weed killers, insecticides, paints, wood preservatives, ceramics, tanning agent, medicines
arsenic
56
interferes with protein sulfhydryl group in protein coenzymes
arsenic
57
can pass through BBB and accumulate in CNS
mercury
58
stigmata of cerebral palsy
congenital minamata disease (mercury)
59
pink disease; Selter-Swift-Feet disease; Feer syndrome
acrodynia (mercury)
60
inhibits catechol-o-methyltransferase
mercury
61
increased deposition of iron in tissues
hemosiderosis
62
excess iron induces tissue damage
hemochromatosis
63
early manifestation of iron intoxication
vomiting
64
fatal dose of lead
>0.5 mg of lead
65
half life of lead half life in bones half life in soft tissues
32 years; >20 years; 120 days
66
insecticides/pesticides; inhibites acetylcholinesterase
organophosphates and carbamates
67
ratio of drug abusers in the PH, male to female
10:1
68
from coca plant; derivative of alkaloid ecgonine
cocaine
69
potent form and free-base form that passes rapidly across nasal membranes (Cocaine)
crack
70
local anesthesia during nasopharyngeal surgery
cocain
71
esterified to cocaine in liver to form
ethanol --> cocaethylene blocks dopamine reuptake vasoconstriction
72
48 hrs after administration of drug MOC for cocaine
GCMS technique
73
24-36 hrs after administration MOC for cocaine
immunoassay
74
class of substances that causes ASA (analgesia, sedation, anesthesia)
opiates
75
opiates are derived from
opium poppy
76
METABOLITE of heroin one of most commonly used pain reliever
morphine
77
analgesis by binding to mu-receptors
morphine
78
morphine inhibits effect of
gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
79
treatment for acute congestive heart failure for lowering venouse return to the heart
dilaudid (hydromorphone)
80
DIACETYL FORM of morphine
heroin
81
can cross BBB, withdrawl is extremely difficult
heroin
82
administration of heroin
intravenous route
83
half life of heroin and effects last for how many hrs
3 minutes; 3 hours
84
metabolites of HEROIN
n-acetylmorphine morphine
85
treatment of HEROIN
natoxone, methadone, naltrexone
86
milder analgesic and antitussive (cough suppressant)
codeine
87
codeine analog and active component of cough syrups
dextromethorphan
88
recommended dose of dextromethorphan and light intoxi and heavy intoxi
15-30 mg 3-4x a day 100-200 mg 1500 mg
89
metabolites of codein
dextrorphan d-hydroxymorphinaner
90
rapid eye movement; effect of codein
nystagmus
91
incoordination of muscle movement; effect of codein
ataxia
92
almost equi of morphine; 80 times more potent than morphine
fentanyl
93
hypotension is less common than with other opiates like morphine because of LACK OF HISTAMINE RELEASE, thus preferred than morphine
fentanyl
94
binds compe with morphine in brain; addictive effect less than heroin
methadone
95
resembles catecholamines and dopamine; compe inhibitor of monoamine oxidase
amphetamine
96
prolongs effect of catecholamines due to inhibition of monoamine oxidase (which metabolizes catechols to eliminate from body)
amphetamine
97
derivative of methamphetamine, popular recreational drug of abuse; under amphetamine
3,4-trimethylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ECSTACY)
98
derived from serotonin
tryptamines
99
rapid onset of strong hallucinogenic effect that are short lived; Businessman's lunch; sudden euphoria feeling
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
100
component of psilocyb called magic mushroom because of hallucinogenic effect; enhanced by presence of beta-carbolines which are MAO inhibitors
Psilocin
101
mixture of plants with dimethyltryptamine and carbolines (south american tea)
ayahuasca
102
used as anti-helminthics during 1950s
piperazines
103
two classes of piperazines
N-benzylpiperazine 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine (TFMPP or MOLLY)
104
Molly has euphoric effects; almost same effects as estacy which is amphetamine
1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-piperazine
105
example of benzodiazepines which is a minor tranquilizer
VALIUM
106
potentiation of GABA, therapeutic drug at dose 2.5-10 mg
benzodiazepines
107
angel dust or angel hair; analgesic and anesthetic stimulatory; interact with almost all substances related to nervous system
phencyclidine
108
derivatives of barbituric acid; regarded as condensation product of urea and malonic acid; all are fat soluble and cross BBB
barbiturates
109
very similar to methadone, MAJOR CAUSE OF DRUG RELATED DEATH
PROPOXYPHENE (DARVON)
110
same sedative-hypnotic properties as barbiturates
METHAQUALONE (QUAALUDE)
111
hallucinogen, blurred or undulating vision, change in sense of time. panic reactions BAD TRIP as adverse reaction
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE
112
one of oldest and most widely used of mind-altering drugs
marijuana
113
source of marijuana
cannabis sativa
114
more potent product produced by extraction of resin from plant
hashish
115
principal psychoactive agent of marijuana
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
116
metabolites of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
delta-9-carboxy-THC 11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC
117
how many weeks before marijuana can be detected in urine
1-4 weeks

3rd year (3 decks)

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