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Cardio Block - CPR > DRUGS CARDIO > Flashcards

DRUGS CARDIO Flashcards

1
Q

what is lidocaine used for for arrhythmia

A

VT/VF

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2
Q

what drugs can increase the levels of serum digoxin?

A

verapamil and diltiazem

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3
Q

what is amiodarone used for?

mechanism?

A

anti-arrhythmia - VT and VF (off-label Afib)

unknown - but class 3 - inhibits K channels - thought to prolong the action potential

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4
Q

what antiarrhythmics can prolong the QT interval

A

K channel blockers

amiodarone
quinidine

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5
Q

norepinephrine

receptors
effect on HR, BP

A

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1

Increase BP, bradycardia (reflex - the beta-1 stimulation is not strong enough to overcome the relfex)

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6
Q

nicotine:

mechanism
effects (heart, GI, vessels)
A

nicotinic agonist

tachycardia, vasoconstriction, increased GI motility

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7
Q

what type of stable angina drug increases coronary flow?

A

calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem)

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8
Q

phenylephrine

receptors
what does it do to BP? HR?

A

alpha-1 agonist

hypertension, bradycardia (reflex)

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9
Q

prazosin

receptors
effect on BP

A

competitive alpha-1 blocker

decrease BP, orthostatic hypotension (“first-dose syncope”)

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10
Q

when an agonist binds to an alpha-2 receptor, what is the intracellular pathway?

A

usually Gi –> decrease cAMP

presynaptic, regulate the reslease of NE, really.

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11
Q

main hemodynamic goal of antiischemic (antiangina) drugs

A

restore dynamic balance between O2 supply and O2 demand

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12
Q

propranolol

receptors
what does it do to HR? BP? lungs?

A

beta blocker (1 and 2)

increases HR, decreases BP, bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

_________, if give after an MI, have been shown to increase survival

A

beta-blockers

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14
Q

class one antiarrhythmic drugs

general mechanism
example

A

sodium channel blockers

lidocaine

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15
Q

dobutamine

receptors
what does it do to HR?

A

beta-1 direct agonist

increases HR

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16
Q

atropine

mechanism
what does it do to HR? pupils? mouth?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist

tachycardia, dilated pupils, dry mouth

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17
Q

what drug would you give to treat out-of-hospital show-resistant ventricular fibrillation?

A

amiodarone

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18
Q

downside of nitroglycerin -

A

headache and tolerance to the drug

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19
Q

how are beta blocker successful at treating stable angina?

A

decrease myocardial oxygen demand (limit HR

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20
Q

what antipsychotics can prolong the QT interval

A

haloperidol

chlorpromazine

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21
Q

as an antiarrhythmic, what does metoprolol treat?

mechanism

A

A-fib, atrial flutter, SVTs

unknown - automaticity decreased, cardiac slowing

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22
Q

isoproterenol

receptors
effect on lungs, HR, BP?

A

beta 1 and beta 2 agonist

bronchodilator, increase HR, decrease BP (reflex)

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23
Q

what are the calcium channel blockers that can help treat arrhythmias?

A

verapamil and diltiazem

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24
Q

describe muscarinic receptor activation in the heart:

decrease c_______, decrease _______

A

decrease cAMP, decrease PKA

  1. increases K+ effluc
  2. Decreases Na pacemaker activity

(just kind of goes against everything NE did)

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25
class three anriarrhythmic drugs general mechanism example
potassium channel blockers amiodarone
26
atropine mechanism side effects
muscarinic receptor antagonist dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, dilated pupils, tachycardia, dilated pupils
27
class two anriarrhythmic drugs general mechanism example (2)
beta blockers metoprolol propranolol
28
when an agonist binds to an alpha-1 receptor, what is the intracellular pathway?
Gq --> IP3 --> Ca++ (contraction)
29
side effect of adenosine:
flushing, may cause asthma attacks
30
________________ are the first line therapy for stable angina (along with mitroglyerin)
beta-blockers
31
what antibiotics can prolong the QT interval
Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin) | Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
32
metoptrolol receptors what does it do to HR? BP? lungs?
beta-1 selective ANTAGONIST decreases BP, bradycardia
33
bethanechol receptors what does it do to blood vessels?
muscarinic agonist vasodilation
34
mechanism of verapamil and diltiazem as antiarrhythmics
Slow SA and AV nodal conduction --> cardiac slowing
35
what arrhythmias should you use verapamil and diltiazem for?
SVT a-fib atrial flutter
36
what opioids can prolong the QT interval
methadone
37
side effects of amiodarone?
could cause more VT/VF (exacerbation of present arrhythmia) ``` skin changes - blue (chronic) pulmonary fibrosis (chronic) ```
38
what is nitroglycerin used for sublingually? mechanism (sublingual)? increase flow or decrease demand?
stable NO --> venous relaxation (sublingual), increases coronary flow decreases oxygen demand (decreases preload)
39
what drugs can you give for a-fib?
beta blockers verapamil, diltiazem amiodarone (off-label)
40
sildenafil what is it used for? Mechanism
erectile dysfunction inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5, which degrades cGMP (allows for more vasodilation)
41
class four antiarrhythmic drugs general mechanism examples (2)
calcium channel blockers verapamil and diltiazem
42
the ________________ serve as initial therapy for stable angina when ________ ________ can't be used (along with nitroglycerin)
calcium channel blockers beta-blockers
43
adenosine is an _____________ drug mechanism of action:
antiarrhythmic agonist at adenosine A1 receptor (purinergic) --> K+ efflux, hyperpolarization --> cardiac slower (decreased AV node conduction) INHIBITS AV NODE CONDUCTION
44
side effects with verapamil and diltiazem
hypotension, bradycardia, headache, AV block
45
what is amiodarone used for
VT and VF not responding to other medications off-label for Afib
46
side effects of lidocaine as an antiarrhythmic
CNS simulation - seizures
47
the main way nitrates decrease angina -
reduction of cardiac work (venous relaxation --> reduced preload) and thus reduce oxygen demand
48
who should not be given beta-blockers?
asthmatics/COPD (causes bronchospasm in them) | people with unstable HF (can aggravate)
49
__________ _________ is the primary determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption
tension generation
50
what calcium channel blockers can be used to treat stable angina?
verapamil and diltiazem
51
norepinephrine receptors what is it used for?
alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 treatment of hypotension, shock
52
use of adenosine:
SVT
53
when an agonist binds to a beta-1 receptor, what is the intracellular pathway?
Gs --> increase cAMP increase heart rate, force, renin release
54
epinephrine receptors effect on HR, BP
alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 increase in BP (alpha-1), and an increase in HR (Beta-1 is stronger than the reflex)
55
nitroglycerine sublingual is used for IV is used for
sublingual - prophylaxis and treatment of stable angina | IV - heart failure
56
drug interactions of amiodarone?
uses CP450 for metabolism interacts with warfarin and digoxin
57
hemodynamics of how verapamil and diltiazem relieve stable angina? specific --> general
decrease rate (AV, SA node AP) decreased contractility increase on coronary blood flow (dilation) increase myocardial oxygen supply and decrease demand
58
what drug slows the ventricular contractions to see the P wave morphology more clearly
adenosine
59
main mechanism (in one sentence) of verapamil and diltiazem
slow AV node conduction
60
the main effect of nitroglycerin on hemodynamics is that it reduces __________
preload (venous dilation) therefore, reduces O2 demand
61
what classes of drugs can be used for stable angina?
calcium channel blockers beta-blockers organic nitrates (statins for underlying problem)

Cardio Block - CPR (6 decks)

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