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Cardiovascular > Drugs - Anti Cholesterol And Anti Hypertensives | > Flashcards

Drugs - Anti Cholesterol And Anti Hypertensives | Flashcards

1
Q

5 main types of Cardiovascular drugs

A

Anti-cholesterol
Anti-hypertensives
Anti-anginal
Anti-thrombotic
Anti-arrhythmic

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2
Q

Anti-cholesterol drugs - 4

A

Statins
Fibrates
PSK9 inhibitors
Inclisiran

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3
Q

Statins - function and examples

A

Blocks HMG CoA reductase in liver, reducing LDL cholesterol
Increase LDL receptor sites

Simvastatin, atorovastatin

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4
Q

Statins - main uses

A

Hypercholesterolaemia
Diabetes
Angina / MI
CVA / TIA

Used in primary and secondary prevention

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5
Q

Statins - side effects

A

Myopathy - neuromuscular disorder

Rhabdomyolysis - breakdown of skeletal muscle releasing myoglobin into bloodstream which can damage kidney

Don’t use during pregnancy - LDL needed

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6
Q

Fibrates - function and example

A

Reduce triglyceride levels

Bezafibrate

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7
Q

Fibrates - main uses

A

Hypertriglyceridemia
Low HDL cholesterol

Advised to be used in combination with statins

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8
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors - function and examples

A

Inhibit binding of PCSK9 to LDL receptors
Reduces LDL

Alirocumab, Evolocumab

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9
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors - main use

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia

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10
Q

Inclisiran - function

A

Small interfering RNA that limits PCSK9
Boosts livers ability to remove cholesterol

Injected every 6 months

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11
Q

Anti hypertensives - 7

A

ACE + ARBs
Beta Blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Diuretics

Mineralocorticoid antagonists
Alpha blockers
Alpha 2 or imidazoline receptor agonists

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12
Q

ACE inhibitors - function and examples

A

Blocks angiotensin converting enzyme so A1 cannot be converted into A2. A2 is a vasoconstrictor
Lowers blood pressure

Lisinopril

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13
Q

ACE inhibitors - main uses

A

Hypertension - 1st line in young white patients
Heart failure - lengthens prognosis

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14
Q

ACE inhibitors - side effects

A

Dry Cough
Renal dysfunction
Angioneurotic oedema

Never use in pregnancy

Kidneys
- good in diabetic neuropathy
- bad in renal artery stenosis

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15
Q

ARBs - function and example

A

Blocks angiotensin 2 receptors
Vessels aren’t constricted
Blood pressure decreases

Losartan

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16
Q

ARBs - main uses

A

Hypertension - if ACEi don’t work
Heart failure

17
Q

ARBs - side effects

A

Renal dysfunction
Never use in pregnancy - induces hypertension (eclampsia)

18
Q

Beta blockers - function and examples

A

Blocks beta receptors causing decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Cardioselective - Atenolol + Bisoprolol
Non-Cardioselective - Propanolol + Carvendilol

19
Q

Beta blockers - main uses

A

Arrhythmia
Concurrent cardiac disease
Non-Cardioselectives can be used in thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid) and migrate

20
Q

Beta blockers - side effects

A

Bronospasm - don’t use with asthma
Avoid in patients with raynauds
Hypoglycaemia

Heart failure
Cold peripheries

20
Q

Beta blockers - side effects

A

Cancer
Tired
Heart failure
Cold peripheries

21
Q

Calcium channel blockers - 2 types

A

Dihydropyridines
Rate limiting calcium antagonists

22
Q

Calcium channel blockers - function

A

Blocks calcium channels which means force of contraction is less
Lowers heart rate and blood pressure
Vasodilator

23
Q

CCBs - Dihydropyridines - example, use and side effects

A

Amlodipine

Used in: Hypertension - old and non-Caucasian
Angina

Side effects - ankle oedema

24
Q

CCBs - Rate limiting calcium antagonists - examples, use, side effects

A

Verapamil + Diltiazem

Used in: hypertension
Angina
Supraventricular arrhythmias (AF, SVT)

Side effects - avoid use with beta blockers

25
Q

Diuretics - function

A

Blocks sodium reabsorption

26
Q

Diuretics - 2 types

A

Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics

27
Q

Thiazide diuretics - example, uses, side effects

A

Bendrofluazide

Mild
Used in hypertension
Effective in women and elderly

Side effects:
Hypokalemia
Tiredness
Arrhythmias
Diabetes
Gout
Impotence

28
Q

Loop diuretics - example, use

A

Furosemide

Stronger
Acts on loop of henle
Used in heart failure

29
Q

Mineralocorticoid antagonists - function and examples

A

Block aldosterone receptors

Spironolactone + eplerenone

30
Q

Mineralocorticoid antagonists - uses and side effects

A

Heart failure
Resistant hypertension

Side effects:
Gynaecomastia - men get breasts
Hyperkalemia
Renal impairment

31
Q

Alpha 2 or imidazoline receptor agonist - example and function

A

Clonidine and Moxonidine

Reduces noradrenaline release

32
Q

Alpha blockers - example and function

A

Doxazosin

Block Alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilation

33
Q

Alpha blockers - use and side effects

A

Hypertension
Prostatic hypertrophy

Side effects - postural hypotension

Cardiovascular (9 decks)

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