Drugs And The Lung Flashcards
Via which receptors can the vagus nerve work to cause bronchoconstriction?
M1 and M3
Adrenaline will bind to which receptors in the lung to cause bronchodilation?
Beta 2
Alpha 1 and 2
What interleukin is used by TH2 cells in asthma to activate IgE antibodies to cause mast cell degranulation and eosinophil migration?
IL-4
Which interleukins can be released by TH2 cells in asthma to promote eosinophil migration?
IL-5 and IL-12
What type of drugs as salbutamol and terbutaline examples of?
Short acting beta agonists
Goves examples of long acting beta agonists
Formoterol
Salmeterol
What are the side effects of SABAs and LABAs used in asthma treatment?
Tremor
Tolerance may occur with long term use
Possible increased cardiovascular mortality
Give an example of a short acting drug which prevents vagus nerve stimulation of bronchoconstriction by blocking the muscarinic receptors that it works on
Ipratropium
Give an example of a long acting drug which prevents vagus nerve stimulation of bronchoconstriction by blocking the muscarinic receptors that it works on
Tiotropium
Leukotriene antagonists are mild bronchodilators and weak anti-inflammatory agents used in asthma treatment. Gives examples if these drugs
Motelukast
Zarfilukast
Xanthines such as theophylline and aminophilline are bronchodilators and weak anti-inflammatory agents. Why are the rarely used in asthma treatment?
They have a narrow therapeutic window Have many (sometimes fatal) Drug interactions Have side effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias and seizures
How do glucocorticoids work to treat asthma?
They decrease the release of TH2 cytokines
Give examples of glucocorticoids.
Beclomethasone Budesonide Prednisolone Hydrocrtisone Fluticasone
What are the common side effects of long term steroid use?
Buffalo hump Euphoria Hypertension Thinning of skin Thin arms and legs due to muscle wasting Benign intracranial hypertension Cataracts Moon face Increased abdominal fat Easy bruising Poor wound healing Increased risk of osteoporosis Hyperglycemia
What is bronchial thermoplasty?
The burning away of smooth muscle with a radio probe
