Drugs and The Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What does the ANS do?
Controls involuntary functions
E.g. Heart rate
Efferent
What are the two sections of the ANS?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Fight or flight
Increase heart rate and blood pressure
What does the parasympathetic do?
Rest and digest
What are the anatomical divisions of brain stem?
Medullary Cranial Throracic Lumber Sacral
What does a parasympathetic axon look like?
Originate in the lateral horn of the medulla
Long myelinated
Ganglion
Short unmyelinated
What does a sympathetic axon looks like
Originate in the lateral horn of the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord
Short Myelinated
Ganglion
Long Unmyelinated
What are the main neurotransmitters in the ANS?
Acetylcholine and noradrenaline
What neurotransmitter is used for pre-ganglionic neurones?
ACh
When is noradrenaline the neurotransmitter?
Sympathetic post ganglionic neurones
What receptors do NA interact with?
A and B adrenoreceptors
What are examples of other transmitters that may be used?
ATP
Nitric oxide
What are chromaffin cells?
Postganglionic sympathetic neurones that di not project to a target tissue but release adrenaline into the bloodstream
Where are chromaffin cells?
Adrenal medulla
Where are m2 receptors?
Heart
Where are m3 receptors?
Lungs
Glands
Where are b1 receptors
Heart
Where are b2 receptors?
Smooth muscle e.g. Lungs
Where are m1 receptors?
Glands
Where are a1 receptors?
Smooth muscle e.g. Eye
What is the umbrella term for malfunctions if the ANS?
Dysautonomia
What are the common actions of drugs?
Degradation of transmitter
Interaction with post synaptic receptors
Inactivation of transmitter
Interaction with pre-synaptic receptors
How is ach synthesised?
Acetyl coA and choline makes acetylcholine and coenzyme a
Used choline acetyltransferase
How is acetylcholine degraded?
Forms Acetate and Choline
Acetylcholinesterase is used
