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pharm exam 4 > Drugs affecting the cardiovascular & renal > Flashcards

Drugs affecting the cardiovascular & renal Flashcards

1
Q

adverse effects of ace inhibitors

A

dry cough
headaches
fatigue

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2
Q

hypertensive emergency which drug is used to lower bp?

A

sodium nitroprusside
(vasodilator)

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3
Q

beta blockers adverse effects

A

edema and sob

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4
Q

side effects of alpha blockers include

A

orthostatic hypotension-change positions slowly

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5
Q

Linsopril if taken should only be abruptly stopped if what occurs

A

angiodema

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6
Q

Which antihypertensives are considered more effective in white patients than in African-American patients?

A

beta blockers and ace inhibitors

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7
Q

Which antihypertensives are considered more effective in African-American patients than in white patients?

A

calcium channel blockers
diuretics

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8
Q

need to avoid excessive exercise, hot climates, saunas, hot tubs, and hot environments. Heat may precipitate vasodilation and lead to worsening of

A

hypotension

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9
Q

primary hypertension

A

essential hypertension

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10
Q

THE MAJOR GROUPS OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVES ARE

A

DIURETICS
ALPHA BLOCKERS
CENTRALLY ACTING ALPHA BLOCKERS
BETA BLOCKERS
ACE INHIBITORS
VASODILATORS
CCBs (CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS)
ARBs (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS)

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11
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers rbcs

A

decrease in blood pressure

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12
Q

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (CCBs) MAY BE USED TO TREAT

A

ANGINA
DYSRRHYTHMIA’S
HYPERTENSION
AND HELP REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE BY CAUSING SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION AND DILATATION OF BLOOD VESSELS. ** IF CALCIUM IS NOT PRESENT, THEN THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS CANNOT CONTRACT.**

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13
Q

WHEN GIVING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS, THE NURSE WILL CONSIDER GIVING THE FIRST DOSE AT BEDTIME FOR WHICH CLASS OF DRUGS?

A

ALPHA BLOCKERS SUCH AS DOXAZOSIN

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14
Q

WHEN A PATIENT IS BEING TAUGHT ABOUT THE POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF AN ACE INHIBITOR, WHICH OF THESE EFFECTS SHOULD THE NURSE MENTION AS POSSIBLY OCCURRING WHEN THIS DRUG IS TAKEN TO TREAT HYPERTENSION.

A

DRY, NONPRODUCTIVE COUGH
FIRST HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT:
C-COUGH
A-ANGIO EDEMA
P-PROTEINURIA
T-TASTE CHANGES
O-ORTHROSTATIC HYPOTENSTION
P-PRURITUS
R-RENAL FAILURE/RASH
L-LIVER TOXICITY/LEUKOPENIA

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15
Q

contraindications for ace inhibitors

A

ACE INHIBITORS HAVE AN EFFECT ON POTASSIUM EXRETION WHICH WOULD CAUSE HYPERKALEMIA AND NSAIDS DECREASE ANTI-HTN EFFECT.

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16
Q

nitroglycerin common adverse effect

A

headache

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17
Q

forms of nitroglycerin

A

topical ointment
oral
continuous iv
sublingual spray

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18
Q

For a patient using transdermal nitroglycerin patches, the nurse knows that the prescriber will order which procedure for preventing tolerance?

A

Remove the patch at night for 8 hours, and then apply a new patch in

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19
Q

Patients who are taking beta blockers for angina need to be taught which information?

A

These drugs are for long term prevention of angina episodes

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20
Q

side effect of nitrates

A

tachycardia

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21
Q

Which of the following describes the rationale for the administration of nitroglycerin by the sublingual route?

A

The first pass effect is avoided

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22
Q

during his morning walk, a man begins to experience chest pain. he sits down and takes one nitroglycerin sublingual tablet. after 5 minutes, the chest pain is worsening. what action would be the priority in this situation

A

call 911

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23
Q

The nurse notes in the patient’s medication history that the patient is receiving a lidocaine infusion. Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?

A

Ventricular dysrhythmias

24
Q

The nurse is administering amiodarone (Cordarone) and should monitor for which potential adverse effect?

A

pulmonary toxcity

25
Q

verapamil treats which condition

A

Recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

26
Q

A patient is experiencing a rapid dysrhythmia, and the nurse is preparing to administer adensoine (Adenocard). Which is the correct administration technique for this drug

A

It should be given as a fast intravenous push

27
Q

A patient with a rapid, irregular heart rhythm is being treated in the emergency department with adenosine. During administration of this drug, the nurse will be prepared to monitor the patient for which effect?

A

Tranasitory asystole

28
Q

When assessing a patient who has been taking amiodarone for 6 months, the nurse monitors for which potential adverse effect?

A

Photophobia

29
Q

he nurse is assessing a patient who has been taking quinidine and asks about adverse effects. An adverse effect associated with the use of this drug includes:

A

Tinnitus

30
Q

A patient calls the family practice office to report that he has seen his pills in his stools when he has a bowel movements. How will the nurse respond?

A

“What you are seeing is the wax matrix that contained the medication, but the drug has been absorbed.”

31
Q

The nurse is administering lidocaine and considers which condition, if present in the patient, a caution for the use of this drug?

A

Renal dysfunction

32
Q

A patient is in the clinic for a follow-up visit. He has been taking amiodarone (Cordarone) for almost 1 year, and today he tells the nurse, “I am noticing some blue color around my face, neck, and upper arms. Is that normal?” Which is the nurse’s correct response?

A

This can happend with amiodarone. I will let your doctor know about it right away.”

33
Q

As part of treatment for early heart failure, a patient is started on an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The nurse will monitor the patient’s laboratory work for which potential effect?

A

Hyperkalemia

34
Q

Before giving oral digoxin (Lanoxin), the nurse discovers that the patient’s radial pulse is 52 beats/min. What will be the nurse’s next action?

A

Check the apical pulse for 1 minute

35
Q

what can cause digoxin toxicity?

A

Low potassium levels increase the chance of digoxin toxicity.
-nausea vomiting
-bradycardia
-anorexia
-visual changes

36
Q

A patient who has heart failure will be started on an oral ACE inhibitor. While monitoring the patient’s response to this drug therapy, which laboratory tests would be a priority?

A

potassium
bun
creatine

37
Q

When teaching the patient about the signs and symptoms of cardiac glycoside toxicity, the nurse should alert the patient to watch for

A

Flickering lights or halos around lights

38
Q

A patient is taking a beta blocker as part of the treatment plan for heart failure. The nurse knows that the purpose of the beta blocker for this patient is to

A

Prevent simulation of the heart by catecholamines

39
Q

qrs complex

A

ventricular depolarization

40
Q

p wave

A

atrial contraction, depolarization

41
Q

t wave

A

ventricular repolarization, rest

42
Q

beta blocker

A

negative inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic
-mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in patients with Diabetes
-can exaberate chf
bronchoconstriction can lead to resp problems
ATENOLOL-used after MI
contraindicated heart block, bradycardia
METOPROLOL-
ESMOLOL-used for ventricular dysrhythmias

43
Q

Hr less than 60

A

don’t give

44
Q

Hemodialysis
(toxcity)

A

removal of captopril and lisinopril

45
Q

Diltiazem

A

afib,svt,flutters
-action decrease contractility and conductivity and slow down hr

46
Q

thiazide diuretic

A

hypertensive crisis
-nitroprusside
anti hypertensive

47
Q

cardiac glycosides

A

no longer used as first line
digoxin is the prototype-narrow index high toxicity( 0.5-2)
Antidote digibind
+inotropic
+chronotropic
-dromotropic

48
Q

lidocaine

A

treatment for vent dysrhythmias IV

49
Q

amiodarone

A

prolong action potentials
difficult dysrhythmias
life threating

50
Q

Afib

A

controlled less than 100
uncontrolled more than 100
-irregular rhythm
-p wave
qrs <0.12
Diltiazem

51
Q

atrial flutter

A

pwave saw tooth
rate 250-350bpm
rhythm can be regular or irregular
Amiodarone

52
Q

If taking beta blockers contact health provider if notice

A

weight gain 2-3 pounds in one day or 5 in a week

53
Q

ventricular fib

A

rhythm is irregular
no p waves
qrs not detectable
epinephrine

54
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

regular rhythm
no p waves
qrs wide and bizarre. 0.12
metoprolol
amiodarone

55
Q

Pregnant women with high blood pressure use

A

methyldopa

pharm exam 4 (5 decks)

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