Ch 36 antihistamines decongestants,antitussives,expectorants

Question 1

OTC- cough medicine shouldn’t be given to

Answer 1

under 2 years old

Question 2

Herbal Products: Echinacea

Answer 2

Reduces symptoms of the common cold and recovery time
adverse effects-Dermatitis
GI disturbance
Dizziness
Headache
Unpleasant taste
Drug interactions-barbituates,pheyntonin,amiodarone
Contraindicated in people with Aids tb ms

Question 3

Antihistamines have several properties

Answer 3

Antihistaminic
Anticholinergic
Sedative
fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
-Drowsiness, anticholinergic –dry out itchness

Question 4

H2 blockers are used to treat gastric acid disorders such as ulcer disease

Answer 4

reduce gastric acid
cimetidine
ranitidine
famotidine

Question 5

antihistamine indications

Answer 5

nasal allergies
seasonal allergies
allergic reactions
common cold
urticaria
sleep disorders

Question 6

Antihistamines: Contraindications

Answer 6

-Narrow-angle glaucoma
-Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH
-Bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
-Sole drug therapy during acute asthmatic attacks
Albuterol or epinephrine
-ulcer disease

Question 7

Antihistamines: Two Types

Answer 7

Nonsedating: loratadine, cetirizine, and fexofenadine (longer duration of action
Traditional:diphenhydramine, meclizine, and promethazine (Work both peripherally and centrally more effective, antichloinergic)

Question 8

Loratadine(Claritin) -Non sedating antihistamine

Answer 8

Take once a day
Relieve symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and urticaria
-don’t take with anticholinergic (ipratropium and potassium chloride)

Question 9

Diphenhydramine(Benadryl)-sedative and anticholinergic

Answer 9

Caution with nursing mothers, neonates, pt with lower respiratory tract symptoms
-not advised in elederly
Used for prevention of histamine-mediated allergies, motion sickness, treatment of Parkinson’s, promotion of sleep
can be used with epi

Question 10

Decongestants: Types

Answer 10

Adrenergics-Largest group-As a result, these tissues shrink, and nasal secretions in the swollen mucous membranes are better able to drain

Anticholinergics-Less commonly used

Corticosteroids
Topical, intranasal steroids
used to prevent congestion pt with upper resp infection- Decreased inflammation results in decreased congestion

Question 11

sudafed-oral decongestant

Answer 11

Produce prolong decongestant effects but delayed onset
-no rebound
less potent than topical

Question 12

Topical adrenergics-decongestant

Answer 12

phenylephrine
potent
No more tha n 3 days can cause rebound

Question 13

Fluticasone-Inhaled Intranasal Steroids and Anticholinergic Drugs

Answer 13

no rebound
prevent nasal congestion in patients with chronic upper respiratory tract symptoms

Question 14

Nasal Decongestants: Contraindications

Answer 14

cardiac problems
diabetes
hypertension
narrow angle glaucoma

Question 15

Nasal Decongestants: Adverse Effects

Answer 15

Adrenergics Steroids
-Nervousness - Local mucosal
-Insomnia -dryness and
-irritation
-Palpitations
-Tremors
CNS which includes HTN, palpitations, headache, nervousness, dizziness

Question 16

Oxymetazoline

Answer 16

adrenergic
taken no more than 3 days

Question 17

Antitussives

Answer 17

only used for non productive cough
-used when coughing is harmful
surgery

Question 18

dextromethropan

Answer 18

suppresses the cough reflex having action on the cough center

Question 19

guaifenesin

Answer 19

loosen and thins secretions
productive cough
half life 1 hr
adverse effects -gi vomiting, nausea