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Pharmacology Exam 1 > Drugs acting on the PSNS > Flashcards

Drugs acting on the PSNS Flashcards

1
Q

Can parasympathomimetic drugs that affect the PSNS be direct acting or indirect acting?

A

Parasympathomimetics can be BOTH

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2
Q

Can parasympatholytic drugs be directing acting or indirect acting?

A

Direct acting

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3
Q

What is a drug that is a DIRECT acting parasympathomimetic?

A

Bethanechol

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4
Q

How is Bethanechol typically administered?

A

PO

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5
Q

What drug is frequently used to increase bladder contractility?

A

Bethanechol

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6
Q

What drug has indications such as:

Increase GI motility
Treat dysautonomia
Increase bladder contractility
Reproductive case?

A

Bethanechol

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7
Q

What are some cautions indicated with Bethanechol?

A

must have patent urethra and intact bladder wall
Do not use if GI obstruction is present
With overdose, typically see excessive muscarinic signs

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8
Q

What kind of agonist is Bethanechol? (muscarinic or nicotinic?

A

Muscarinic with some selectivity for M3 receptors

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9
Q

What are some INDIRECT acting Parasympathomimetics that are reversible anticholinesterases?

A

Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Edrophonium

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10
Q

What ways can Neostigmine be administered?

A

Oral tablets or injectable

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11
Q

How long does it take for Neostigmine to take affect?

A

10-30 minutes and lasts 4 hours (in humans)

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12
Q

What are some indications for Neostigmine?

A

Treatment of rumen atony (not used much)
Stimulate GI motility and bladder emptying
Reversal of competitive neuromuscular blockers **
Treatment of MG in dogs

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13
Q

What two Indirect acting parasympathomimetics can be used to treat Mysathenia Gravis in dogs? Which one is used more frequently? Why?

A

Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine

You use Pyridostigmine more because its effects last longer than Neostigmine

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14
Q

What is the indication for Pyridostigmine?

A

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis in dogs

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15
Q

In what ways can you administer pyridostigmine?

A

Oral tablets, ER tablets, oral syrup, injectable

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16
Q

How is Edrophonium administered?

A

10 mg/mL solution for injection

17
Q

Is Edrophonium fast acting or slow acting?

A

Very fast acting: Onset 1 minute, lasts around 10 minutes

18
Q

What drug has indications such as:

Tensilon test for MG
Differentiate MG from cholinergic crisis
Reversal of nondepolarizing NMBs

A

Edrophonium

19
Q

What drug is used to differentiate MG from a cholinergic crisis?

A

Edrophonium

20
Q

What are drugs that are INDIRECT acting parasympathomimetics and are irreversible anticholinesterases?

A 
Echotiophate (ophthalmic)
Organophosphate insecticides (toxicity)
21
Q

What are the muscarinic effects of Organophosphate toxicity?

A

DUMBBELS

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Branchospasm
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
22
Q

What are the nicotinic effects of organophosphate toxicity?

A

Muscle tremors
Muscle weakness
Muscle paralysis

23
Q

What are some DIRECT acting parasympatholytic drugs? And what do they act as?

A

Atropine
Glycopyrrolate
Oxybutynin
Propantheline

Act as muscarinic antagonists

Will have sympathetic signs

24
Q

What are some effects of Atropine?

A 
tachycardia
mydriasis
dries secretions
reduces salivation
slows gut
bronchodilation
blurred vision
difficulty with urination
25
Q

What is Atropine sulfate available as?

A

Injectable solution and oral tablets, but typically used as an injection

26
Q

What is the main indication for Atropine?

A

Treatment of Bradyarrhthmias/bradycardia

27
Q

What drug has indications such as:

Treatment of organophosphate and carbamate toxicity
Treatment of bradarrhythmias/bradycardia
Treatment of cholinergic crisis/anticholinesterase overdose

A

Atropine to the rescue!

28
Q

What animal has endogenous atropinases and will break down Atropine very rapidly

A

Rabbits

29
Q

What are some cautions to take into account with Atropine?

A

Contraindicated in glaucoma, tachycardia
Certain GI diseases, obstructive uropathy, MG
Rabbits

30
Q

What two Direct acting parasympatholytic is used as a GI or urinary antispasmodic agent?

A

Oxybutynin and Propantheline

31
Q

Does Oxybutynin or Propantheline readily cross the BBB?

A

Oxybutynin is widely distributed and crosses the BBB where as Propantheline does not readily cross the BBB

32
Q

What is the indication for Oxybutynin and Propantheline?

A

Incontinence due to detrusor muscle instability (hyperactive bladder)

Pharmacology Exam 1 (8 decks)

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