Drugs Flashcards
MOA
how the drug works in the body
hypercholestorolemia / antihyperlipidermic
cholesterol-lowering
Lipitor®
antidepressant
for despression
(sertraline Zoloft®)
analgesics
for chronic or acute pain
(hydrocodone/acetaminophen Vicodin®)
antacids
for heartburn or acid reflux
(MgOH and AlOH Maalox®)
antianginals
for chest pain associated with need for oxygen
(nitroglycerin Nitrostat®)
anticoagulents
to prevent blood clot formation
(warfarin Coumadin®)
anticonvulsants
for seizure control
(carbamazepine Tegretol®)
antihistamines
for allergies
(ceftirizine Zyrtec®)
antihypertensive
to lower blood pressure
(atenolol Tenormin®)
antibiotics
for infection
(amoxicillin Amoxil®)
antineoplastics
for treatment of specific cancers
(doxyrubicin Adriamycin®)
anti-inflammatory agents
reduces inflammation
(ibuprofen Mortin®)
antitussives
for cough
(dextromethorphan lozenges)
antivirals
for viral infections
(acyclovir Zovirax®)
bronchodilators
for ashma
(albuterol Vintolin®)
digestants
to promote digestion of food
(simethicone Mylicon®)
diuretics
to increase urine output
(HCTZ Esidrex®)
hormones
to replace natural endogenous organic compounds
(conjugated estrogens Premarin®)
hypnotics and sedatives
to inoduce and maintain sleep
(zolpidem Ambien®)
tranquilizers
reduce anxiety
(lorazepam Ativan®)
What is penicillin?
Indication?
Mechanism of Action?
Common adverse reactions?
- are natural antibiotics produced from a certain species of fungus called penicillium.
- IND- used for the treament of broad or narrow spectrum of bacterial microorganisms. they can be used as a prophylactic prior to surgery (most common in oral surgery)
- MOA- works to eliminate bacteria by inhibiting the bacterial cell wall growth & cytolysis (cell wall rupture and dies)
- CAR- hypersensitivity(allergic reaction), nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, and anaphylactic shock.
What is cephalosporins?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
- are semisynthetic antibiotics, resistant to ß-lactamase(advantage over penicillins). Cross-sensitivity - a patient that is allergic to penicillin has a 5% chance to be allergic to cephalosporins also. Substitute for peniciliin for patient who have a resistant bacterial infection.
- IND- used to treat broad spectrum bacterial microorganisms. Also oral surgery, neurosurgery, female reproductive system surgeries, orthopedic surgery and heart procedures
- MOA- to elimanate bacteria by inhibiting cell wall growth & cytolysis
- CAR- nausea, votting, diarrhea, and anaphylactic stock
What is fluoroquinolones?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- are synthetic antibiotics, more potent than penicillins and less likely to cause anaphylaxis, used in a wide variety of treament but a tolerance towards it is beginning to develop because it’s used so much.
- IND- used to treat broad spectrum of bacterial microorganisms (urinary tract, upper respiratory tract, ophthalmic. and bone infections)
- MOA- works to eliminate bacteria by damaging the bacterial DNA.
- CAR- nausea, vommiting, dizziness, and unpleasant taste.
What are sulfonamides?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- are synthetic derivatives of *sulfanilamide *first med to be proven effective for the prevention and cure of bacterial infection). Short-acting, intermediate-acting, & long acting depending on the time it takes for these meds to be absorbed and excreted.
- IND- urinary tract infections, E.coli, and upper respiratory infections
- MOA- to eliminate bacteria by inhibiting bacterial inflammatory and immune response.
- CAR- anemia, thrombocytopenia(low platelet levels) and hypersensitivity (sulfa drugs).
What is tetracyclines?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- are semisynthetic antibiotics obtained from the cultures of a bateria known as streptomyces. Maintain stability in acidic solutions making it a strong choice for oral administraion. Impediments= milk and antiacids.
- IND- gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (rickettsia and chlamydia)
- MOA- to eliminate bacteria by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
- CAR- nausea, vommiting, diarreha, rash, and anaphylactic stock.
What is Histamine 1 Blocker?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- Histamine- chemical sustance in the body that protects the body from environmental factors like pollen. histamine 1 (H1) blocker.
- IND- used for allergic reactions caused by histamine
- MOA- H1 blockers block the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites.
- CAR- drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, and photosensitivity
What is anti-inflammatory drugs?
treat allegies and respiratory diseases by reducing inflammation in the affected area, include steroial products.
What are non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse Reactions?
- over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID)
- IND- treat allergies and respiratory conditions
- MOA- reduce swelling and inflammation caused by irritants or injury
- CAR- dryness, headache, nausea, dizziness and cough
What are Non-Benzodiazepines?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- a hypnotic drug, dpress the central nervous system to reduce desire for physical activity or to produce a calming effect (commonly used to induce sedation)
- IND- to induce or maintain sleep or decrease anxiety
- MOA- acts on GABA neurotransmitter to produce a calming effect
- CAR- dizziness, drowsiness, loss of cognition, depression, and sleepwalking
What is antipsychotics?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
- behavior disorder medications, treat variety of mental illness, used as both acute and chronic treatment of mental conditions including phychosis or depression
- IND- used to control symptoms of psychosis and mood disorders.
- MOA- work on specific neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin
- CAR- dizziness, drowsiness, loss od cognition, depression, & extrapyramidal side effects(EPS)
What is benzodiazepines?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- behavior disorder drugs, used in both acute and chronic situations. Becoming more common due to their safety.
- IND- used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders.
- MOA- act by potentiating the effect of the GABA neurotransmitter, calming effect
- CAR- dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and depression
What is SSRI?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antidepressants. Considered to have the fewest and least serious side effects as compared to other antidepressants.
- IND- to treat major depressive disorders
- MOA- block the reuptake of serotonin into neuron
- CAR- confusion, sedation, blurred vision
What is anticonvulsants?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- goal is to regulate the discharge activity to a normal level. The targeted effect occurs a few weeks afer the intials administration.
- IND- used to stop or prevent seizures
- MOA- believed to work by influencing the GABA neurotransmitter, suppress the central nervous system
- CAR- nausea, vommiting, diarrhea, tremor, and dizzines
What is narcotic analgesics?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
- opiate agonists, semisynthetic or derived naturally from the poppy plant. Has a high risk of abuse!
- IND- for moderate to severe pain
- MOA- alter the perception of and response to painful stimuli by stimulationf the opiate receptors in the brain
- nausea, mental clouding, sedation, euphoria, withdrawal, and constipation
What is Beta-Blockers?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
- *anti-hypertensive drug, *β-blocker beta-adrenergic receptor anatagonists or blockers.
- IND- used mainly for hypertension but also used for other cardiac disease states(cardiac arrhythmias-irregular heartbeat, myocardial infaraction-heart attack)
- MOA- occupy the B1 receptor site, will increase vasodilation and decrease both heart rate and blood pressure
- CAR- dizziness, sexual dysfunction and vertigo
What is ACE inhibitors?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
- angiotensin converting enzyme, reduce blood pressure.
- IND- used to treat hypertension
- MOA- works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin 1 into agiotensin 2(which cause vasoconstriction).
- CAR- headache, dizziness, weakness, and joint pain
What is agiotensin 2 receptor antagonists?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reaction?
- can be given once a day
- IND- used for hypertension
- MOA- block the effects of the A2 enzyme at receptor sites, preventing vasconstriction
- CAR- the only antihypertensive drugs that have no specific side effects
What is HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- antihyperlipidemic drug
- IND- used to lower blood cholesterol
- MOA- work by limiting the HMG-CoA reductase synthesis(necessary to produce LDL, or bad cholesterol)
- CAR- abdominal pain, headache, nausea, constipation, and blurred vision
What is Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists or blocker?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- H2 blocker, lower the amount of gastric acid produced in the stomach, also heals gastric or duodenal ulcers.
- IND- used to treat hypersecretory conditions (excess of stomach acid)
- MOA- works by inhibiting the interaction of histamine at H2 receptor sites
- CAR- headache and rash
What is proton pump inhibitors?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- anti-acidic drugs
- IND- used to treat hypersecretory conditions
- MOA- prevent the transport of hydrogen to the gastric system(decreases the amount of stomach acid that can be produced)
- CAR- nausea, vomitting, fatigue, and dizziness.
What is sulfonylureas?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- antidiabetic drugs - for hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
- IND- used to treat type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes)
- MOA- stimulate the production of insulin in the beta bells of the pancreas.
- CAR- vomiting, headache, blurred vision, sedation, and confusion.
What is biguanides?
Indication?
MOA?
Common adverse reactions?
- antidiabetic drugs
- IND- to treat type 2 diabiabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes)
- MOA- reduce hepatic glucose output and increase uptake of glucose
- CAR- vomiting, headache, blurred vision, sedation, and confusion.
