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Phamacy Technician Exam > Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration > Flashcards

Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration Flashcards

1
Q

dosage form

A

system or device for delivering the drug to the body

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2
Q

inert

A

inactive

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3
Q

additives

A

additional formulation aids that may be necessary for a successful preparation of the dosage form

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4
Q

diluents

A

(additives) used to increase the bulk weight or volume of a dosage form so that the dose of the active drug is more easily handled by the patient

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5
Q

excipients

A

inactive substances used as a carrier for the active ingredients of a medication

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6
Q

preservatives

A

substances that retard, minimize, or prevent the growth of bacteria or other microorganisms in the dosage form

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7
Q

CD

A

controlled diffusion

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8
Q

CR

A

controlled (or continuous) release

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9
Q

CRT

A

controlled-release tablet

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10
Q

LA

A

long-acting

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11
Q

SA

A

sustained-action

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12
Q

SR

A

sustained (or slow) release

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13
Q

TD

A

time delay

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14
Q

TR

A

time release

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15
Q

XL

A

extra-long

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16
Q

XR

A

extended-release

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17
Q

IV

A

intravenous (in vein)

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18
Q

MDI

A

meter-dose inhalers

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19
Q

IV push (IVP)

A

Bolus. drug is given intravenously over a short period (syringe/needle)

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20
Q

IV piggyback (IVPB)

A

drug is infused into vein over hours or days

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21
Q

IM

A

intramuscular (injection into large muscle)

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22
Q

SC, subQ, or SQ

A

subcutaneous (injected under skin in fatty tissue)

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23
Q

ID

A

intradermal (into the top layer of skin)

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24
Q

IA

A

intra-arterial (into an artery)

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25
Q

intra-articular

A

into joint

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26
Q

IC

A

intracardiac (into the heart)

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27
Q

intraperitoneal

A

into the abdominal cavity

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28
Q

intrapleural

A

into the sac surrounding the lung

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29
Q

intraentricular

A

into the cavities of the brain

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30
Q

intrathecal

A

into the space around the spinal cord

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31
Q

intravaginal

A

into the vagina

32
Q

intraocular

A

into the eye

33
Q

topical

A

the application of a drug to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes

34
Q

transdermal

A

through the skin and is used to deliver drug systemically

35
Q

Capsules

A

-solid dosage form -with or without inert -enclosed in a gelatin shell, dissolves in stomach approx. 10-30min [soft(sealed) or hard(unsealed)] -size: 000(largest)-5(smallest)

36
Q

Tablets

A

-solid dosage form -formed in molds or by die punch compression -may include inerts -accurate dosages -extended- or sustained-release

37
Q

Chewable Tablets

A
  • designed to be chewed before swallowing
  • usually plesant flavored
38
Q

Enteric-coated tablets

(EC)

A
  • coated with a substance to prevent dissolution in the stomach acid
  • meant to be dissolved in intestines
  • never be chewed, broken, or crushed
39
Q

Sublingual tablets

A

-design to be dissolved quickly under the tongue

40
Q

Buccal tablets

A

designed to place between the cheek and gum

dissoled over time

41
Q

Film-coated tablets

A
  • coated with a thin layer of water-solube material that dissoles quickly in stomach
  • coated to cover up unpleasant tatse or odor/ deterioration
42
Q

Effervescant tablets

A
  • contain sodium bicarbonate and citric and/or tartaric acid
  • when placed in liquid, acid-base reaction (bubbles) release active ingredient
43
Q

Pellets (tablets)

A
  • small, cylinder-shaped tablets
  • meant for implantation
44
Q

Vaginal tablets

A

designed to be inserted into the vagina

45
Q

Lozenges

A
  • solid dosage form
  • hard, oval, or discoid(flat & round)
  • flavor sugar base
  • mouth or throat
46
Q

Suppositories

A

-designed for insertion into the rectum, viginal cavity, or urethral tract

47
Q

Powders

A
  • solid dosage form
  • finely ground mixtures of dry drugs and inactive ingredients
  • externially: sprinkled or dusted on the area to be treated or make a paste
  • internally: dissolved in water then swallowed
48
Q

Granules

A
  • solid doasge form
  • powders that are wetted, allowed to dry, and grounded into course, irregular pieces
49
Q

Solutions

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • homogenous (evenly distributed) mixtures of one or more dissolved med. (solute) in a liquid vechicle (solvent)
  • solid, liquid, or gas

external and internal use

50
Q

Aqueous Solutions

A

-contain water as the solvent

51
Q

Vehicle

A
  • fluid medium / solvent
  • water, alcohol, or mineral oil
52
Q

Douches

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • directed into the body cavity to remove debris or disinfect
53
Q

Irrigations

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • used to wash eyes, the urinary bladder, or open wounds
  • larger then douches
54
Q

Enemas

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • introduced into the rectum to empty bowel or treat disease
55
Q

Gargles

A
  • liquid doasge form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • treat diseases of the throat
  • not to be swallowed
56
Q

Washes

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • used to cleanse or bathe a body part
  • not to be swallowed
57
Q

Sprays

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • deliver as a mist against mucous membrane of the nose or throat
58
Q

Injection

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • aqueous solution
  • sterile drug introduced beneath the skin, into the muscle, or into the bloodsteam
59
Q

Syrups

A
  • liduid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • viscous aqueous solution
  • concentrated mixture of sugar and drug
  • often used in pediatrics
60
Q

Mucilages

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • viscous aqueous solution
  • adhesive liquids containing pulpy components of vegetable matter
61
Q

Nonaqueous Solution

A
  • without water*
  • hydro-alcoholic (with water*)
  • alcoholic solutions
62
Q

Hydro-alcoholic Solution

A
  • liquid dosage form containing soluble matter
  • nonaqueous solution
  • includes elixirs and tinctures
63
Q

Elixirs

A
  • hydro-alcoholic solution
  • sweetened with pleasant tatse
  • good relative stability
  • easy to prepare
64
Q

Tinctures

A
  • hydro-alcoholic solution
  • prepare from vegetable, animal, or chemical materials
  • have higher alcohol content than elixir
65
Q

Alcoholic Solutions

A
  • Nonaqueous Solution
  • contains no water
  • dissolved directly into ethyl alcohol
66
Q

Emulsions

A
  • liquid dosage form containing insoluble matter
  • mixtures of two liquids that normall do not mix
  • one liquid is broken into small particles and evenly scattered throughout the other.
  • liquid in small particles = internal phase
  • the other liquid = external phase
  • the two phases will seperate unless an emulsifying agent is used
67
Q

Suspensions

A
  • liquid dosage form containing inslouble matter
  • mixtures of very fine particles of an insoluble solid (internal phase) distributed through a gas, liquid, or solid (external phase)
  • external phase in most suspensions is water & called aqueous suspension
  • need to shaken before used
68
Q

Injectable Suspensions

A

-allow for insoluble drugs to be administered in a suitable form for intramusclar (subcutaneous) purpose.

69
Q

Well- formulated suspensions have the following chararistics:

A
  • suspended material should not settle rapidly
  • when shaken, should disperse evenly
  • should pour freely
  • (external) spread evenly
  • (external) dry quickly
  • (external) should not rub off
  • example: lotions
70
Q

Extended-Release Dosage Form

A
  • formulated so that active ingredients are released over time at a constant rate (8-24hr)
  • typically capules or tablets
  • sometimes: injections, implants, troches, or patches
71
Q

Delayed-Release Dosage Form

A
  • release their drug ar a later time
  • example: enteric-coated tablets
72
Q

Semisolid Dosage Form

A
  • too thick too to be a liqiud
  • not solid enough to be a solid
  • intended for topical application
    examples:
  • ointments
  • creams
  • pastes
  • gels
  • inhalers
73
Q

Aerosols

A
  • miscellaneous dosage forms
  • suspensions of fine liquid or solid drug particles in a gas propellant and packaging
  • example: inhaler
74
Q

Injectable Dosage Form

A
  • vials
  • ampoules (ampules)
  • pre-filled syringes
  • pre-filled infusion bags
75
Q

Parenteral Route

A
  • bypass the gastrointestinal tract
  • given over short or extended period
  • are usually emulsions oe suspensions

Phamacy Technician Exam (8 decks)

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