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DMH Part 1 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acamprosate

A
  • Alcohol Disease
  • MOA: NMDA antagonist with some GABAA agonist activity
  • Side Effects: GI disturbances, allergic reactions, cardiovascular events, headache, insomnia
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2
Q

Disulfiram

A
  • Alcohol Disease
  • MOA: Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
  • Side Effects: Rapid and severe “hangover” activity
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3
Q

Naltrexone

A
  • Alcohol Disease
  • MOA: Opioid receptor antagonist, decreasing an endogenous opioid activation of a dopaminemesolimbic pathway
  • Side Effects: GI disturbances, Liver damage
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4
Q

Lorezapam

A
  • Alcohol Disease
  • benzodiazepines
  • MOA: Potentiate GABA’s ability to open the GABAA CL- channel (increase channel opening frequency)
  • Side Effects: Sedation, ataxia, dependence, withdrawal
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5
Q

Fomepizole

A
  • Alcohol Disease
  • benzodiazepine
  • MOA: Competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
  • Side Effects: Allergic reaction, decrease in urination
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6
Q

Chlorpropamide

A
  • Diabetes Treatment/Management
  • 1st Generation
  • Sulfonylurea - Type II DM
  • MOA: Stimulates secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. Blocks ATP-dependent K+ channels; stops K+ leak out of the cell causing increased frequency of beta cell depolarization, influx of Ca+2 and release of insulin
  • Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, Skin reactions Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, GI disturbances & nausea, weight gain, allergic reactions, increase in vasopressin & hyponatremia, Cholestatic jaundice
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7
Q

Tobutamide

A
  • Diabetes Treatment/Management
  • 1st Generation
  • Sulfonylurea - Type II DM
  • MOA: Stimulates secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. Blocks ATP-dependent K+ channels; stops K+ leak out of the cell causing increased frequency of beta cell depolarization, influx of Ca+2 and release of insulin
  • Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, Serious Cardiovascular events, Cholestatic jaundice, nausea and GI disturbances, weight gain, allergic reactions, Potential teratogen
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8
Q

Glimepiride

A
  • Diabetes Treatment/Management
  • 2nd/3rd Generation
  • Sulfonylurea - Type II DM
  • MOA: Stimulates secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. Blocks ATP-dependent K+ channels; stops K+ leak out of the cell causing increased frequency of beta cell depolarization, influx of Ca+2 and release of insulin
  • Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, GI disturbances, dizziness, hemolytic anemia, headache, weakness, weight gain, allergic reactions
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9
Q

Glipizide, Glyburide, Glibenclamide

A
  • Diabetes Treatment/Management
  • 2nd Generation
  • Sulfonylurea - Type II DM
  • MOA: Stimulates secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. Blocks ATP-dependent K+ channels; stops K+ leak out of the cell causing increased frequency of beta cell depolarization, influx of Ca+2 and release of insulin
  • Side Effects: Hypoglycemia, Cholestatic jaundice, nausea and GI disturbances, weight gain, allergic reactions, headaches
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10
Q

Omeprazole

A
  • GERD
  • PPI
  • MOA: Irreversible inhibition of the proton pump on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, Inhibits CYP2C19 & CYP2C9
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11
Q

Esomeprazole

A
  • GERD
  • PPI
  • MOA: Irreversible inhibition of the proton pump on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI disturbances, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, Inhibits CYP2C19 & CYP2C9
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12
Q

Lansoprazole

A
  • GERD
  • PPI
  • MOA: Irreversible inhibition of the proton pump on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Dry mouth, insomnia, drowsiness, blurred vision, rash, pruritus, Metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C19
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13
Q

Pantoprazole

A
  • GERD
  • PPI
  • MOA: Irreversible inhibition of the proton pump on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI disturbances, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, allergic reactions, Metab. by CYP2C19 & CYP3A4
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14
Q

Rabeprazole

A
  • GERD
  • PPI
  • MOA: Irreversible inhibition of the proton pump on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI disturbances, abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness, insomnia, Metab. by CYP2C19
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15
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A
  • GERD
  • PPI
  • MOA: Irreversible inhibition of the proton pump on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Dry mouth, insomnia, drowsiness, blurred vision, rash, pruritus, Metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C19
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16
Q

Cimetidine

A
  • GERD
  • Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
  • MOA: Blockade of H2 receptors on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, breast enlargement, confusion, anxiety, Inhibits CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 & CYP1A2
17
Q

Ranitidine

A
  • GERD
  • Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
  • MOA: Blockade of H2 receptors on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, breast enlargement, confusion, anxiety, Reduced Inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9 & CYP1A2 as compared to Cimetidine
18
Q

Famotidine

A
  • GERD
  • Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
  • MOA: Blockade of H2 receptors on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, breast enlargement, confusion, anxiety, Very little inhibition of CYPs
19
Q

Nizatidine

A
  • GERD
  • Histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist
  • MOA: Blockade of H2 receptors on parietal cells
  • Side Effects: Headache, GI diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, breast enlargement, confusion, anxiety, Very little inhibition of CYPs
20
Q

Sucralfate

A
  • GERD
  • protective coating
  • MOA: A basic aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate that complexes with proteins at an ulcer site to form a protective layer.
  • Side Effects: Constipation, dizziness, Allergic reaction
21
Q

Amoxicillan

A
  • GERD
  • H. pylori positive GERD and/or Ulcers in addition to either a PPI or H2 antagonist
  • MOA: Moderate-spectrum, β-lactam antibiotic, inhibits synthesis of bacteria cell wall
  • Side Effects: Nausea and vomiting, rashes, diarrhea insomnia, confusion, anxiety, sensitivity to lights and sounds.
22
Q

Clarithromycin

A
  • GERD
  • H. pylori positive GERD and/or Ulcers in addition to either a PPI or H2 antagonist
  • MOA: Macrolide antibiotic, inhibits bacteria protein synthesis by binding the 50S subunit of bacteria ribosome
  • Side Effects: Nausea and vomiting, extreme irritability, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches
23
Q

Tertracycline

A
  • GERD
  • H. pylori positive GERD and/or Ulcers in addition to either a PPI or H2 antagonist
  • MOA: Broad spectrum antibiotic, inhibits bacteria protein synthesis by binding the 30S subunit of bacteria ribosome.
  • Side Effects: Stain teeth, Inactivated by Ca, Al, Fe and Zn; Skin photosensitivity, tinnitus, hepatitis, drug-induced lupus.
24
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • GERD
  • H. pylori positive GERD and/or Ulcers in addition to either a PPI or H2 antagonist
  • MOA: Antibiotic for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, becomes reduced, forms intermediate free radicals that interfere with enzymes and DNA.
  • Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, IV admin can cause thrombophlebitis, rash, headache, dizziness, toxic levels can cause CNS lesions. DO NOT use if breast feeding.
25
Q

Pentagastrin

A
  • GERD
  • Anacidity(achlorhy dria) diagnostic for gastric acid secretory function.
  • MOA: Stimulates gastric acid. Pepsin and intrinsic factor secretion via CCKB receptors on parietal (oxyntic) cells.
  • Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, rash
26
Q

Metoclopramide

A
  • Gastrointestinal Motility
  • Gastro-prokinetic agent
  • MOA: Dopamine D2 antagonist, Serotonin 5-HT3 antagonist/5- HT4 agonist
  • Side Effects: Drug induced motor movements (tardive dyskinesia), restlessness, drowsiness, dizziness, focal dystonia, hyperprolactinaemia
27
Q

Domperidone

A
  • Gastrointestinal Motility
  • Gastro-prokinetic agent
  • MOA: Dopamine D2 and D3 antagonist
  • Side Effects: Lactation, Headaches, dizziness, dry mouth, insomnia, GI disturbances, Cardiovascular events (does not cross BBB)
28
Q

Cisapride

A
  • Gastrointestinal Motility
  • Gastro-prokinetic agent
  • NOTE Cisapride is limited in the US due to its reports of increasing the QT interval and correlation to several deaths
  • MOA: Serotonin 5-HT4 agonist
  • Side Effects: Arrhythmias and can cause death. Limited use in the US market, diarrhea, headache, Metabolized by CYP3A4.
29
Q

Tegaserod maleate

A
  • Gastrointestinal Motility
  • Gastro-prokinetic agent
  • MOA: Serotonin 5-HT4 agonist, some 5-HT2 antagonist activity
  • SIde Effects: Allergic Reactions, angina, cardiovascular risks including heart attacks and stroke, diarrhea, stomach pains, headache, dizziness

DMH Part 1 (35 decks)

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