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N232 > DRUGS > Flashcards

DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

action of morphine

A

relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reducing preload and after load

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2
Q

common side effects of morphine

A

respiratory depression, hypotension, bradycardia, sedation, confusion, constipation, nausea, vomiting

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3
Q

pre and post of morphine

A
  • assess pain
  • respirations
  • BP
  • pulse
  • level of sedation
  • bowel function
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4
Q

why is atorvastatin (lipitor) used

A

management of primary cholesterol and mixed dyslipidemia

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5
Q

actions of atorvastatin (lipitor)

A
  • lowers total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides
  • slightly increases HDL
  • slows progression of atherosclerosis
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6
Q

common side effects of atorvastatin (lipitor)

A
  • abdominal cramps
  • constipation
  • diarrhea
  • flatus
  • heart burn
  • confusion
  • memory loss
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7
Q

pre and post for atorvastatin (lipitor)

A
  • diet history
  • monitor liver function
  • LDL and triglycerides
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8
Q

what is atorvastatin (lipitor) contraindicated in?

A

not good for pt’s with active liver disease

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9
Q

why is altepase used?

A

acute MI, ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, DVT

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10
Q

class of altepase?

A

thrombolytics

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11
Q

action of altepase

A

directly converts plasminogen to plasmin, degrading clot bound fibrin, dissolving the clot

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12
Q

class of nitroglycerin

A

nitrates

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13
Q

indication of nitroglycerin

A

acute/long term prophylactic management of angina

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14
Q

action of nitro

A

increase coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries

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15
Q

SE of nitro

A

dizziness, headache, hypotension, tachycardia

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16
Q

what is something to know when using nitroglycerin?

A

CAN ONLY USE 3 TIMES

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17
Q

pre and post assessment of nitro

A

assess angina pain, BP, and pulse

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18
Q

class of metoprolol

A

beta blocker

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19
Q

indications of metoprolol

A

treatment of angina and HTN, lowers HR

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20
Q

action of metoprolol

A

reduction in cardiac output (stroke volume) by blocking beta receptors

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21
Q

SE of metoprolol

A

bradycardia, inadequate cardiac output, bronchospasm, fatigue, weakness, HF, pulmonary edema

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22
Q

pre and post of metoprolol

A
  • BP
  • pulse
  • intake/output
  • signs of HF
  • angina attacks
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23
Q

contraindicated of metoprolol

A
  • not good in uncompensated HF and bradycardia and heart block
  • diabetics must closely monitor BG
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24
Q

hydroclorothiazide class

A

diuretic (thiazide)

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25
Q

actions of hydroclorothiazide

A
  • increasing excretion of sodium

- promotes excretion of chloride, potassium, magnesium and bicarbonate

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26
Q

indications of hydroclorothiazide

A

lowering BP and diuresis

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27
Q

SE of hydroclorothiazide

A
  • hypokalemia
  • dehydration
  • hypotension
  • hyperG
  • weakness
  • rash
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28
Q

pre and post for hydroclorothiazide

A
  • BP
  • intake/output
  • electrolytes (Na, K)
  • hydration status
  • BP and pulse
  • any rash
  • renal and hepatic function
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29
Q

class of furosemide

A

diuretic

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30
Q

indications of furosemide

A
  • diuresis and modularization of excess fluid (edema due to HF, hepatic impairment or renal disease)
  • decreases BP
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31
Q

MOA of furosemide

A
  • inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride

- increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and calcium

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32
Q

SE of furosemide

A
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • hypotension
  • dehydration
  • metabolic alkalosis
  • muscle cramps
  • hypotension
  • diarrhea
  • rash
33
Q

pre and post furosemide

A
  • electrolytes (na, K)
  • hydration status
  • BP and pulse
  • any rash
  • renal and hepatic function
34
Q

what is something to know with furosemide

A

diabetics must monitor BG closely as it can raise levels

35
Q

insulin lispro (humalog) indication

A

rapid acting insulin

36
Q

MOA of lispro (humalog)

A

lowering BG by: stimulating uptake in skeletal muscle and fat and inhibiting hepatic glucose production

37
Q

SE of lispro (humalog)

A

hypoG, anaphylaxis, hypokalemia, swelling

38
Q

pre and post for lispro humalog

A

assess for S+S of hypoG, monitor body weight, assess for allergic reactions

39
Q

onset, peak and duration for humalog?

A

onset: 10-15 min
peak: 60-90 min
duration: 3-5 hours

40
Q

insulin glargine (lantus) indications

A

long acting insulin

41
Q

MOA of glargine lantus

A

lowering BG by: stimulating uptake in skeletal muscle and fat and inhibiting hepatic glucose production

42
Q

SE of glargine lantus

A

S+S of hypoG etc

43
Q

pre and post for glargine lantus

A

same as for other insulins

44
Q

what do you need to know for glargine lantus

A

CANNOT MIX WITH ANY OTHER INSULINS

45
Q

whats the onset and duration of glargine lantus

A

onset: 90 min
duration: 24hr

46
Q

class of warfarin

A

anticoagulant

47
Q

indications of warfarin

A

prevention of thrombolytic events

48
Q

MOA of warfarin

A

interferes with the production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

49
Q

SE of warfarin

A
  • cramps
  • nausea
  • bleeding
  • fever
50
Q

pre and post of warfarin

A
  • BP and HR
  • monitor PT-INR
  • assess for signs of bleeding/bruising
51
Q

what to consider with warfarin?

A
  • can take 3-5 days to reach therapeutic level
  • long half life: 1-3 days
  • antidote is vitamin K
52
Q

ramipril class

A

ACE inhibtors

53
Q

indications of ramipril

A

management of HTN and HF, reduction of risk of MI and stroke

54
Q

MOA of ramipril

A

blocks angiotensin 1 to converting to 2 (works with vasoconst.)
-if we block angio 2, we dilate the vessels which allows heart to not work as hard and decreases BP

55
Q

SE of ramipril

A
  • cough
  • hypotension
  • taste disturbances
  • fatigue
  • headache
  • drowsiness
  • hyperkalemia
  • angioedema
  • creatinine and electrolyte levels
56
Q

class of digoxin

A

antiarrhythmics, inotropic

57
Q

indications of digoxin

A

when you have heart failure, a-fib, and atrial flutter

58
Q

MOA of digoxin

A
  • increases cardiac output (pos. inotrope) and slows HR
  • increases force of myocardial contractions
  • prolongs refractory period of the AV node and decreases conduction through the SA and AV node
59
Q

SE of digoxin

A

fatigue, bradycardia, arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, electrolyte imbalances

60
Q

pre and post of digoxin

A
  • monitor pulse (withhold if less than 60bpm)
  • BP
  • electrolytes levels
  • renal and hepatic function
61
Q

what to know with digoxin

A
  • narrow therapeutic index
  • contraindicated in uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, AV heart block, constrictive pericarditis
  • administer 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after
62
Q

class of metformin

A

biguanides

63
Q

indications of metformin

A

management of type 2 diabetes

64
Q

MOA of metformin

A
  • decreases hepatic glucose production
  • decreases intestinal glucose absorption
  • increases sensitivity to insulin
65
Q

SE of metformin

A

abdominal bloating, diarrhea, N+V

66
Q

pre and post of metformin

A

hypoG, lactic acidosis, assess glucose levels, renal Fx

67
Q

things to know for metformin

A
  • contraindicated with patients with renal impairment, HF, recent MI and stroke
  • monitor creatinine, >133 men and >112 women
  • metformin does not stimulate insulin release from the pancreas and therefor does not actively drive BG levels down
68
Q

glipizide class

A

sulfonylureas

69
Q

indication for glipizide

A

control of blood sugar in T2 DM

70
Q

MOA of glipizide

A
  • stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin
  • improves insulin action at receptor sites
  • may decrease hepatic insulin metabolism (break down)
71
Q

SE of glipizide

A

hypoG, mild nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, skin, rash, redness, or itching

72
Q

pre and post for glipizide

A

assess for hypoG, monitor glucose, CBC

73
Q

phenytoin class

A

antiarrhythmic, anticonvulsants

74
Q

indications of phenytoin

A

treatment/prevention of tonic clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures

75
Q

MOA of phenytoin

A

limits seizure propagation by altering ion transport

-shortens action potentials (anti-arrhythmic)

76
Q

SE of phenytoin

A

suicidal thoughts, ataxia, diplopia, nystagmus, hypotension, nausea, rash

77
Q

pre/post of phenytoin

A
  • hypersensitivity
  • mental status
  • seizures assessment
  • BP, ECG, resp
  • monitor CBC, calcium, hepatic function
78
Q

things to know about phenytoin

A

use caution in hepatic and renal disease

N232 (9 decks)

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