Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry SB > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

examples of SSRIs

A

fluoxetine
paroxetine
citalopram
sertraline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SSRI used in < 18

A

fluoxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

S.E of SSRI

A

N+V, diarrhoea, constipation
Abdomen pain
Weight loss

restlessness, insomnia, drowsiness
tremor, headache

SIADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a contraindication of a SSRI/drugs they shouldn’t be used with

A

Mania

NSAIDs [would need to prescribe PPI as well]
Warfarin
Aspirin
Triptans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are examples of TCAs

A

Amitrityline, Clomipramine, Dosulepin, Doxepin, Lofepramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are anti-cholinergic side effects of TCAs

A

weight gain
dry mouth, nose
urinary retention
blurred vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are anti-adrenergic side effects of TCAs

A

postural hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are cardiac Side effects seen in TCA

A

tachycardia
arrhythmias
heart block
syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what changes on an ECG can be seen in TCA

A

QT interval prolongation

ST segment elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are contraindications in TCAs

A 
recent MI
arrhythmias 
severe liver disease
mania
high risk of over dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what group should anti-depressants be used with cautions

A

patients with epilepsy

> they lower seizures threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what drug class is used in atypical depression

A

MOAI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are examples of MOAI

A

phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are side effects of MOAI

A

hypertensive crisis

serotonin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what leads to a hypertensive crisis with the use of MOAI

A
  • large amounts of tyramine (from diet) increases norepinephrine causing vasoconstriction
  • MAO would normally destroy excess NE
  • hypertensive crisis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are Sx of a hypertensive crisis

A

flushing, headache, increased BP, CVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the Tx of hypertensive crisis

A

alpha blockade e.g. phentolamine, chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes serotonin syndrome

A

if MOAI combined with another anti-depressant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are Sx of serotonin syndrome

A

neuromuscular abnormalities, altered consciousness level and autonomic instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are contraindications of MOAI

A

phaechromocytoma
cerebrovascular disease
hepatic impairment
mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are examples of SNRI

A

e.g. Venlafaxine, Duloxetine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what anti-depressant causes the least sedation

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is an example of an NaSSA

A

Mirtazapine

24
Q

what are Side effects of Mirtazapine

A 
increased appetite, weight gain
sedation
headache
dry mouth
dizziness, postural hypotension

tremor
peripheral oedema

25
Q

what drugs should be avoided/prescribed with caution when a patient is on lithium

A

NSAIDs
ACEi
Diuretics

26
Q

what is the mnemonic for lithium side effects

A

LITHIVM (side effects)

Leukocytosis
Insipidus (diabetes)
Tremor
Hypothyroidism
Increased weight
Vomiting (and nausea)
Miscellaneous
27
Q

what are the other side effects seen in lithium

A
  • confusion, headache, concentration problems
  • constipation
  • dry mouth, polydipsia
  • muscle weakness
  • nephrotoxic
28
Q

what side effects of lithium are seen on an ECG

A

T-wave flattening or inversion

29
Q

what are signs go lithium toxicity

A
  • worsening vision, nystagmus
  • diarrhoea, N+V
  • decreased potassium
  • ataxia, myoclonus
  • coarse tremor
  • dysarthria, slurred speech
  • convulsions, coma
30
Q

contraindications of lithium

A 
pregnancy
breastfeeding
impaired renal function
thyroid disease
cardiac conditions
neurological conditions (e.g. Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease)
31
Q

what are the side effects of Lamotrigine

A

N/V, diarrhoea

ataxia, dizziness, diplopia, headache

agression, irritability
somnolence and sedation

skin rash (risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome)

32
Q

what are side effects of Carbamazepine

A

Agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia

N/V, diarrhoea,

ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech, nystagmus, diplopia

drowsiness, confusion

raised liver enzymes, hepatic toxicity

hyponatraemia, fluid retention

33
Q

what are side effects of valproate

A

increased appetite, weight gain, hair loss, N+V

sedation, dizziness, tremor

ankle swelling

haematological abnormalities (thrombocytopenia, leucopenia)

34
Q

what are the first generation anti-psychotics

A

Typical

Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Sulpiride

35
Q

what are the second generation anti-psychotics

A

Atypical

Clozapine
Olanzapine
Risperidone

36
Q

contraindications to anti-psychotics

A 
reduced consciousness level 
pheochromocytoma 
Parkinson’s disease
epilepsy 
cardiac disease 
metabolic syndrome
37
Q

what are side effects of anti-psychotics

A

prolonged QT interval, arrhythmias, myocarditis, sudden death

photosensitivity, skin rashes

lowers seizures threshold

hepatotoxic

pancytopenia, agranulocytosis

hyperprolactinaemia

extrapyramidal side-effects

38
Q

what causes extra-pyramidal side effects (EPSE)

A

excessive of acetylcholine and relative deficiency of dopamine

39
Q

what are EPSE

A

parkinsonism motor Sx
acute dystonia
akathisia
tardive dyskinesia

40
Q

Tx for parkinsonism motor Sx as EPSE of anti-psychotics

A

Anticholinergics

e.g. procyclidine

41
Q

what is acute dystonia

A

involuntary sustained muscular contractions or spasm

usually occurs 72 hours into treatment

42
Q

what is akathisia

A

feeling of inner restlessness and muscular discomfort

occurs with 6-10 days

43
Q

what its the Tx for akathisia in EPSE

A

Tx = Propranolol or short term benzodiazepines

44
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia

A

rhythmic involuntary movement of head, limbs and trunk

e.g. chewing, grimacing, darting movements of the tongue

45
Q

what dangerous side effects are associated with clozapine

A

agranulocytosis, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy

46
Q

what general side effects are seen with clozapine

A

sedation, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, hypersalviation

47
Q

when is clozapine reserved for

A

treatment-resistant schizophrenia

48
Q

what odd side effect does chlorpromazine cause

A

blue-grey discolouration in the sun

49
Q

how do benzodiazepines work

A
  • bind to specific benzodiazepine receptors on the GABAa receptor complex,
  • an increased affinity of the complex for GABA
  • causes increased flow of chloride ions into the cell,
  • hyper polarising the post-synaptic membrane
  • reduces neuronal excitability
50
Q

what are the Z drugs and how do they work

A

e.g. Zaleplon, Zolpidem, Zopiclone

act at a different site on the benzodiazepine receptors in the GABAa receptor complex, also potentiating chloride entry

51
Q

what are side effects of Benzos and Z drugs

A

developing dependence

potential dangerous driving due to drowsiness, ataxia and reduced motor coordination

can lead to falls or delirium

can cause depress respiration in patients with COPD

can make dissociation worse

anterograde amnesia

impaired co-ordination

52
Q

what are indications for ECT

A

severe depression
established mania
certain types of schizophrenia

53
Q

what is suggestive of severe depression

A

life threatening poor fluid intake
strong suicidal intent
psychotic features or stupor
antidepressants ineffective

54
Q

what types of schizophrenia can be treated with ECT

A

catatonic states
positive psychotic symptoms
schizoaffective disorder

55
Q

what are side effects of ECT

A

loss of memory (particularly before and after ECT)

confusion, headache, nausea, muscle pain

56
Q

true or false - patients do not need any more treatment after ECT

A

false

- they still need to continue medication

Psychiatry SB (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions