ASD and ADHD

Question 1

what does ADHD stand for

Answer 1

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 2

what is definition of ADHD

Answer 2

co-occurring cluster of impairing symptoms relating to self regulation (‘executive functioning’)

Question 3

what is the diagnostic triad of Sx in ADHD

Answer 3

inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity

Question 4

what is the impact of symptoms of ADHD

Answer 4

home

• complicated to parent, increased stress
• increased anger, upset, risk of harm

school
- barrier to learning, freq in trouble, lose things

Question 5

what are comorbid difficulties with ADHD

Answer 5

Social communication difficulties
LD
Attachment difficulties
Mood and anxiety problems
Behavioural disorders (ODD/CD)
Substance use

Question 6

what are non-pharmacological Tx of ADHD

Answer 6

1st Line
- Parent training, Behavioural classroom management strategies

2nd line

• Social skills training
• Sleep and Diet

Question 7

what are pharmacological Tx of ADHD

Answer 7

1st line:
Methylphenidate (‘Ritalin’)
Dexamfetamine
Lisdexamfetamine

2nd Line:
Atomoxetine

3rd Line:
Antidepressants
Antihypertensives
Antipsychotics

Question 8

what are side effect of the drugs used in ADHD

Answer 8

lose of appetite
sleep reduction
dysphoria
anxiety 
tics

Question 9

what is ASD

Answer 9

autism spectrum disorder

Question 10

what is important to know about ASD

Answer 10

there is a range in severity

Question 11

what is the triad of Sx of ASD

Answer 11

abnormal social interaction

communication impairment/impaired imagination

rigid/restricted or repetitive behaviour, interests and activities

Question 12

what type of things might be seen in ASD with regards to abnormal social interaction

Answer 12

find relationships difficult to establish

may not be motivated by the need for social approval

may show no interest in the needs of others

may show little awareness of the feeling of others

Question 13

what type of things might be seen in ASD with regards to communication impairment

Answer 13

may have no speech

may have difficulty using pronouns
stress/pitch/rhythm/intonation of speech may be odd = Echolalia

may have difficulty interpreting non-verbal communication

may have difficulty with similes and metaphors

may have peculiar stiff eye gaze or no eye contact

may be unresponsive to non-verbal feedback

Question 14

what is Echolalia

Answer 14

meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken word

Question 15

what type of things what type of things might be seen in ASD in regards to thought and behaviour

Answer 15

restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests and activities

resistance to change, ritualistic behaviours

lack of social imagination/theory of mind

concrete and inflexible thinking

Question 16

what are co-morbid conditions seen in ASD

Answer 16

Learning disability
Depression
social anxiety 
OCD
ADHD 
Dyspraxia

Question 17

what is the standardised assessment tool is used for diagnosing ASD

Answer 17

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Question 18

what is needed for a diagnosis of ASD

Answer 18

must exhibit at least 6 Sx

at least 2 Sx of qualitative impairment in social interaction
at least 1 Sx of qualitative impairment in communication
at least 1 Sx of restricted and repetitive behaviour

Question 19

ASD pharmacological management

Answer 19

Risperidone – short term for significant aggression, tantrums or self-injury

Methylphenidate - ADHD symptoms

Melatonin - for difficult sleep problems

Question 20

what is Asperger’s syndrome

Answer 20

autistic features without autistic aloneness or linguistic difficulty

Question 21

how does Asperger’s syndrome differ from Autism

Answer 21

less severe than autism

possible to teach better recognition of emotions and how to predict emotional responses