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Cardiology (Own) > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What can diuretics be used for?

A

HF snd hypertension

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2
Q

What can beta blockers be used for?

A

Angina, hypertension and CCF

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3
Q

What can ACE inhibitors be used for?

A

CCF and hypertension

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4
Q

What can Calcium antagonists be used for?

A

Hypertension and angina

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5
Q

What are nitrates used for?

A

CCF and angina

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6
Q

when can diuretics not be used?

A

If the patient has gout

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7
Q

When are beta blockers contraindicated?

A

Asthma

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8
Q

Which drugs are anti-hypertensives?

A

Thiazide diuretics
Alpha/Beta blockers
ARBs/ACE inhibitors
calcium antagonists

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9
Q

Which drugs are anti-thrombotics?

A

Antiplatlets
Fibrinolytics
Anti-coagulants

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10
Q

Give examples of antiplatlets

A

Aspirin, clopidogril

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11
Q

Give examples of Fibrinolytics

A

tPA or streptokinas

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12
Q

Give examples of anti-coagulants

A

Riveroxiban or warfarin

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13
Q

Which drugs are anti-cholesterols?

A

Statins and fibrates

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14
Q

Which drugs are anti-anginas

A 
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists 
Nicorandil
Ranolazine
Ivabradine
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15
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Block Na+ reabsorption

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16
Q

Give an example of a thiazide diuretic

A

bendrofluazide

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17
Q

what are thiazide diuretics used for?

A

Hypertension

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18
Q

Give an example of a loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

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19
Q

What is furosemide used for?

A

Heart failure

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20
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

Tired, hypokalaemia, arrhythmias, diabetes and gout due to increased uritic acid

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21
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

Blocks B1 and B2 adrenoreceptors

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22
Q

Give an example of a B1 receptor selective beta blocker

A

Atenolol

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23
Q

What is Atenolol used for?

A

Angina, hypertension and herat failure

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24
Q

Give an example of a non-selective beta blocker

A

Propranol

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25
Q

What is propanol used for?

A

Thyroxitosis

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26
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

Tired and may worsen HF in the short term

27
Q

Give an example of a calcium antagonist

A

Dihydrophines e.g. amlodipine

Veramparil

28
Q

what is amlodipine used for?

A

hypertension and angina

29
Q

What are the side effects of amlodipine?

A

Ankle oedema

30
Q

When should verapamil be avoided?

A

When also using beta blockers

31
Q

Give an example of an alpha blocker

A

Doxazosin

32
Q

What are the side effects of Doxazosin

A

Postural hypertension

33
Q

How do ACE inhibitors work?

A

Prevents the conversion of angiotension I to angiotensin II

34
Q

Given an example of an ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

35
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough, renal dysfunction and angioneurmtic oedema

36
Q

When should ACE inhibitors and ARBs never be used?

A

In pregnancy

37
Q

How do ARBs work?

A

Block angiotensin II receptors

38
Q

Give an example of an ARB

A

Losartan

39
Q

What are ARBs used for?

A

Hypertension and heart failure

40
Q

What are the side effects of ARBs?

A

Renal dysfunction

41
Q

Give examples of nitrates

A

Isosobride and mononitrate

42
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates?

A

Headaches and hypotension

43
Q

How often should be left nitrate free in a day and why?

A

8 hrs a day to avoid tolerance forming

44
Q

Give examples of antiplatlet agents

A

aspirin and clopidogril

45
Q

What are antiplatlets used for?

A

Angina, acute MI, TIA and for those who are high risk of CVA

46
Q

What are the side effects of Anti-platlets?

A

Haemorrhage and peptic ulcers

47
Q

How do anticoagulants work?

A

Prevent formation of a new thrombosis

48
Q

How should heparin be given?

A

IV only

49
Q

What does warfarin do?

A

Blocks clotting factor 2,7,9 and 10 - used in DVT, pulmonary embolisms and NSTEMIs

50
Q

How does riveroxiban work?

A

Factor Xa inhibitor - Xa converts prothrombin II into thrombin

51
Q

How does dabigatran work?

A

Thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

52
Q

How do fibrynolytics work?

A

Dissolve formed clots

53
Q

Give examples of fibrinolytics

A

Streptokinase or tissue plasminogin activators

54
Q

How do statins work?

A

Blocks HMG Co reductase

55
Q

What are statins used for?

A

Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, angina, MI and TIA

56
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

Myopathy or can cause renal failure

57
Q

Give an example of a fibrate

A

Bezafibrate

58
Q

What should be used for SVTs?

A

Adenosine

59
Q

What should be used for ventricular/supraventricular arrhythmias?

A

Beta blockers, flecainide or amiodarone

60
Q

What are the side effects of amiodarone?

A

Phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis and thyroid abnormalities

61
Q

How does digoxin work?

A

Blocks AV conduction - used in AF

62
Q

Why is digoxin bad in excess?

A

Reduces HR and so can cause bradycardia and heart block

63
Q

What is a side effect of digoxin?

A

Increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

64
Q

How does digoxin toxicity clinically present?

A

Nausea and vomiting, yellow vision, bradycardia and ventricular arrhythmias

Cardiology (Own) (17 decks)

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