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USMLE 1 > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

site of action of gamma globulins

A

blocks adsorption and penetration of viruses

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2
Q

site of action of neuraminidase inhibitors

A

blocks release of viral particles from host cells

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3
Q

site of action of refampin

A

blocks assembly of viral particles

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4
Q

site of action of amantadine

A

blocks uncoating of viral nucleic acid

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5
Q

pentamindine

A

PCP, trypanosoma brucei, leishmaniasis

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6
Q

nifurtimox

A

chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)

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7
Q

suramin

A

T. brucei before CNS involvement

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8
Q

sodium stibogluconate

A

leishmaniasis

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9
Q

melarsoprol

A

T brucei after cns involvement

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10
Q

ivermectin

A

onchocerciasis (river blindness)

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11
Q

menbendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole

A

roundworm, whipworm hook worm, pinworm

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12
Q

pyrantel pamoate

A

roundworm, hookworm, pinworm

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13
Q

praziquantel

A

fluke and cysticercosis

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14
Q

niclosamide

A

tapeworm

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15
Q

penicillin SE

A

allergic reaction and Coombs positive hemolytic anemia

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16
Q

clavulanic acid MAO

A

inhibits beta lactamase

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17
Q

sulbactam MAO

A

inhibits beta lactamase

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18
Q

SE of methicillin

A

interstitial nephritis

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19
Q

tazobactam MAO

A

inhibits beta lactamase

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20
Q

Aztreonam spectrum

A

gram negative rods, klebseilla, pseudomonoas, serratia.

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21
Q

SE of imipenem

A

seizures at high doses

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22
Q

SE of cephalosporins

A

hypersensitivity and disulfiram-like reaction

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23
Q

Spectrum of cephalosporins (each gen)

A

1st- gram positive
2nd - gram positive + anaerobes
3rd- gram negative
4th - gram neg and pos

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24
Q

names of some aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin

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25
Q

MAO of clindamycin

A

Binds to 50S, inhibiting formation complex

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26
Q

spectrum of clindamycin

A

some gram positive cocci, anaerobe infections above the diaphragm

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27
Q

Linezolid MAO

A

inhibits 50S to prevent formation of ribosomal complex

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28
Q

linezolid spectrum

A

Gram positive, including VRE and MRSA

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29
Q

chloramphenicol MAO

A

binds 50S to inhibiit peptidyl transferase (no amino acids added to growing chain)

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30
Q

SE of chloramphenicol

A

dose dependent anemia
aplastic anemia
gray baby syndrome

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31
Q

names of macrolides

A

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

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32
Q

MAO of macrolides

A

binds 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting formation of initiation complex

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33
Q

SE of erythromycin

A

inhibits cytochrome P450s

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34
Q

names of tetracyclines

A

doxycycline, minocycline

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35
Q

MAO of tetracyclines

A

binds 30S and blocks aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to ribosome

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36
Q

SE of tetracyclines

A 
teeth discoloration, bone deformity in children.
fanconi syndrome (aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, acidosis, glycosuria)
photosensitivity
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37
Q

things to avoid eating while using tetracyclines

A

mild, antacids, iron-containing substances: divalent cations inhibit absorption of tetracyclines

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38
Q

Demeclocycline

A

SIADH

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39
Q

SE of TMP-SMX

A

Stevens-johnson syndrome
hemolytic anemia
nephrotoxicity
kernicterus

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40
Q

Fluoroquinolone name

A

ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin

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41
Q

MAO of fluoroquinolones

A

inhibit bacterial DNA topoisomerase

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42
Q

SE of fluroquinolones

A

tendonitis and tendon rupture

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43
Q

Nitrofurantoin use

A

Recurrent UTIs

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44
Q

Nitrofurantoin SE

A

Neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis, hemolytic anemia G6PD patients

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45
Q

Vancomycin MAO

A

inhibiting transglycosylase by binding d-ala - d-ala

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46
Q

SE of vancomycin

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome (fixed by slow infusion)

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47
Q

metronidazole SE

A

disulfiram-like effect, metallic taste

48
Q

Rifampin MAO

A

inhibiits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA poly

49
Q

rifampin use

A

TB and leprosy

prophylaxis of n. meningiditis, h influenza

50
Q

SE of rifampin

A

orange color to urine
hepatitis
induces P450s

51
Q

isoniazid use

A

TB treatment and prophylaxis

52
Q

MAO isoniazid

A

inhibit synthesis of mycolic acids

53
Q

SE isoniazid

A

peripheral neuropathy
G6PD deficient hemolytic anemia
drug-induced lupus
hepatitis

54
Q

MAO dapsone

A

inhibits folic acid synthesis

55
Q

MAO ethambutol

A

inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase needed to make mycobacterial cell wall

56
Q

Use dapsone

A

leprosy

57
Q

ethambutol use

A

TB

58
Q

pyrazinamide

A

TB

59
Q

SE dapsone

A

G6PD deficient hemolytic anemia

60
Q

SE ethambutol

A

retrobulbar neuritis -> decrease visual acuity and red-green color blindness

61
Q

pyrazinamide SE

A

hepatotoxicity, gout

62
Q

names of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

-ine

zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, lamuvidine, abacavir

63
Q

Use of NRTIs

A

HIV

64
Q

lamivudine use

A

HIV and chronic hep B

65
Q

SE of zidovudine

A

megaloblastic anemia

66
Q

SE of didanosine

A

pancreatitis

67
Q

names of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

tenofovir, adefovir

68
Q

use or tenofovir and adefovir

A

HIV and hep B

69
Q

names of non-nucleoside reverse transcripatse inhibitors

A

nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine

70
Q

use of NNRTIs

A

HIB

71
Q

SE efavirenz

A

CNS distrubances

72
Q

SE nevirapine

A

induction of cyp450

73
Q

names of protease inhibitors

A

-navir

ritonavir, nelfinavir, lopinavir

74
Q

MAO of protease inhibitors

A

protease enzyme responsible for cleaving precursor proteins into mature ones, needed for core of viral particle.

75
Q

use of protease inhibitors

A

HIV

76
Q

SE protease inhibitors

A

altered distribution of fat
hyperlipidemia
Long QT –> torsades

77
Q

SE specifically of ritonavir

A

inhibit cyp450 (+ altered fat distribution and hyperlipidemia)

78
Q

Acyclovir MAO

A

phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase to an analogue of dGTP, inhibits DNA synthesis

79
Q

acyclovir use

A

EBV, HSV 1 and 2, VZV

80
Q

acyclovir SE

A

neurotoxicity (tremor, delirium)

nephrotoxicity (crystallize in urinary tract)

81
Q

ganciclovir use

A

CMV

82
Q

Foscarnet use

A

acyclovir resistant HSV and VZV. second line for CMV

83
Q

foscarnet MAO

A

analogue of nucleotides without needed viral kinase to activate like acyclovir

84
Q

Amantadine

A

reduces duration of influenza A symptoms

parkinsons disease

85
Q

MAO of amantadine

A

binds M2 protein proton channel on influenza A particle -> blocks uncoating of viral RNA
Stimulates release of dopamine from nigra striatum

86
Q

SE of amantadine

A

CNS symptoms: ataxia, slurred speech, dizziness

87
Q

ribavirin use

A

RSV bronchiolitis

88
Q

ribavirin MAO

A

guanosine analogue inhibiting viral RNA poly

89
Q

SE ribavirin

A

hemolytic anemia
elevated bili
teratogen

90
Q

entecavir

A

hep B

91
Q

entecavir MAO

A

guanosine analogue inhibiting viral polymerase

92
Q

amphotericin B

A

systemic mycotic infections

93
Q

SE amphotericin B

A

nephrotoxicity

94
Q

Amphotericin B MAO

A

binds to ergosterol, altering fungal cell membrane

95
Q

nystatin

A

cutaneous candida

96
Q

flucytosine

A

used in combo for systemic infections and fungal meningitis

97
Q

MAO flucytosine

A

converted to nucleotide analogues and inhibits thymidylate synthase -> inhibits fungal dna and RNA synthesis

98
Q

SE flucytosine

A

bone marrow suppression

hepatoxicity

99
Q

Ketoconazole

A

anti fungal

cushings disease

100
Q

ketoconazole mao

A

inhibit ergosterol formation by inhibiting fungal cytochrome p450
also inhibits human p450s -> disrupts gonadala nd adrenal steroid synthesis

101
Q

SE ketoconazole

A

hormone synthesis inhibition (inhibits p4540s) -: decreased libido
gynecomastia

102
Q

griseofulvin

A

oral antifungal, topical dermatophytic infections

103
Q

mao griseofulvin

A

interferes MT function

104
Q

terbinafine

A

topical dermatophytic infections

105
Q

terbinafine mao

A

inhibits squalene epoxidase, enzyme for ergosterol synthesis

106
Q

chloroquine

A

plasmodium flaciparum malaria, treatment or prophylaxis

107
Q

quinine

A

drug resistant p. falciparum malaria

babesia microti

108
Q

mefloquine

A

drug resistant p falciparum malaria, tx and prophylaxis

109
Q

quinine SE

A

cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, nausea), coombs positive hemolytic anemia, fetal toxicity

110
Q

mefloquine SE

A

mental status changes, cardiac abnormalties

111
Q

cholroquine SE

A

visual distrubances, ECG changes

112
Q

pyrimethamine MAO

A

inhibits dihydrofoalte reductase -> inhibited folic acid synthesis

113
Q

pryimethamine

A

tx and prophylaxis of p. falciparum malria and toxoplasma gondii

114
Q

pyrimethamine SE

A

BM suppression

115
Q

Primaquine

A

P. vivax and P ovale malaria

116
Q

primaquine SE

A

G6PD deficient hemoltyic anemia

USMLE 1 (7 decks)

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