Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
site of action of gamma globulins
A
blocks adsorption and penetration of viruses
2
Q
site of action of neuraminidase inhibitors
A
blocks release of viral particles from host cells
3
Q
site of action of refampin
A
blocks assembly of viral particles
4
Q
site of action of amantadine
A
blocks uncoating of viral nucleic acid
5
Q
pentamindine
A
PCP, trypanosoma brucei, leishmaniasis
6
Q
nifurtimox
A
chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)
7
Q
suramin
A
T. brucei before CNS involvement
8
Q
sodium stibogluconate
A
leishmaniasis
9
Q
melarsoprol
A
T brucei after cns involvement
10
Q
ivermectin
A
onchocerciasis (river blindness)
11
Q
menbendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole
A
roundworm, whipworm hook worm, pinworm
12
Q
pyrantel pamoate
A
roundworm, hookworm, pinworm
13
Q
praziquantel
A
fluke and cysticercosis
14
Q
niclosamide
A
tapeworm
15
Q
penicillin SE
A
allergic reaction and Coombs positive hemolytic anemia
16
Q
clavulanic acid MAO
A
inhibits beta lactamase
17
Q
sulbactam MAO
A
inhibits beta lactamase
18
Q
SE of methicillin
A
interstitial nephritis
19
Q
tazobactam MAO
A
inhibits beta lactamase
20
Q
Aztreonam spectrum
A
gram negative rods, klebseilla, pseudomonoas, serratia.
21
Q
SE of imipenem
A
seizures at high doses
22
Q
SE of cephalosporins
A
hypersensitivity and disulfiram-like reaction
23
Q
Spectrum of cephalosporins (each gen)
A
1st- gram positive
2nd - gram positive + anaerobes
3rd- gram negative
4th - gram neg and pos
24
Q
names of some aminoglycosides
A
gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin
25
MAO of clindamycin
Binds to 50S, inhibiting formation complex
26
spectrum of clindamycin
some gram positive cocci, anaerobe infections above the diaphragm
27
Linezolid MAO
inhibits 50S to prevent formation of ribosomal complex
28
linezolid spectrum
Gram positive, including VRE and MRSA
29
chloramphenicol MAO
binds 50S to inhibiit peptidyl transferase (no amino acids added to growing chain)
30
SE of chloramphenicol
dose dependent anemia
aplastic anemia
gray baby syndrome
31
names of macrolides
erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin
32
MAO of macrolides
binds 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting formation of initiation complex
33
SE of erythromycin
inhibits cytochrome P450s
34
names of tetracyclines
doxycycline, minocycline
35
MAO of tetracyclines
binds 30S and blocks aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to ribosome
36
SE of tetracyclines
```
teeth discoloration, bone deformity in children.
fanconi syndrome (aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, acidosis, glycosuria)
photosensitivity
```
37
things to avoid eating while using tetracyclines
mild, antacids, iron-containing substances: divalent cations inhibit absorption of tetracyclines
38
Demeclocycline
SIADH
39
SE of TMP-SMX
Stevens-johnson syndrome
hemolytic anemia
nephrotoxicity
kernicterus
40
Fluoroquinolone name
ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, moxifloxacin
41
MAO of fluoroquinolones
inhibit bacterial DNA topoisomerase
42
SE of fluroquinolones
tendonitis and tendon rupture
43
Nitrofurantoin use
Recurrent UTIs
44
Nitrofurantoin SE
Neuropathy, pulmonary fibrosis, hemolytic anemia G6PD patients
45
Vancomycin MAO
inhibiting transglycosylase by binding d-ala - d-ala
46
SE of vancomycin
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, red man syndrome (fixed by slow infusion)
47
metronidazole SE
disulfiram-like effect, metallic taste
48
Rifampin MAO
inhibiits bacterial DNA-dependent RNA poly
49
rifampin use
TB and leprosy
| prophylaxis of n. meningiditis, h influenza
50
SE of rifampin
orange color to urine
hepatitis
induces P450s
51
isoniazid use
TB treatment and prophylaxis
52
MAO isoniazid
inhibit synthesis of mycolic acids
53
SE isoniazid
peripheral neuropathy
G6PD deficient hemolytic anemia
drug-induced lupus
hepatitis
54
MAO dapsone
inhibits folic acid synthesis
55
MAO ethambutol
inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase needed to make mycobacterial cell wall
56
Use dapsone
leprosy
57
ethambutol use
TB
58
pyrazinamide
TB
59
SE dapsone
G6PD deficient hemolytic anemia
60
SE ethambutol
retrobulbar neuritis -> decrease visual acuity and red-green color blindness
61
pyrazinamide SE
hepatotoxicity, gout
62
names of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
-ine
| zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, lamuvidine, abacavir
63
Use of NRTIs
HIV
64
lamivudine use
HIV and chronic hep B
65
SE of zidovudine
megaloblastic anemia
66
SE of didanosine
pancreatitis
67
names of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
tenofovir, adefovir
68
use or tenofovir and adefovir
HIV and hep B
69
names of non-nucleoside reverse transcripatse inhibitors
nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine
70
use of NNRTIs
HIB
71
SE efavirenz
CNS distrubances
72
SE nevirapine
induction of cyp450
73
names of protease inhibitors
-navir
| ritonavir, nelfinavir, lopinavir
74
MAO of protease inhibitors
protease enzyme responsible for cleaving precursor proteins into mature ones, needed for core of viral particle.
75
use of protease inhibitors
HIV
76
SE protease inhibitors
altered distribution of fat
hyperlipidemia
Long QT --> torsades
77
SE specifically of ritonavir
inhibit cyp450 (+ altered fat distribution and hyperlipidemia)
78
Acyclovir MAO
phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase to an analogue of dGTP, inhibits DNA synthesis
79
acyclovir use
EBV, HSV 1 and 2, VZV
80
acyclovir SE
neurotoxicity (tremor, delirium)
| nephrotoxicity (crystallize in urinary tract)
81
ganciclovir use
CMV
82
Foscarnet use
acyclovir resistant HSV and VZV. second line for CMV
83
foscarnet MAO
analogue of nucleotides without needed viral kinase to activate like acyclovir
84
Amantadine
reduces duration of influenza A symptoms
| parkinsons disease
85
MAO of amantadine
binds M2 protein proton channel on influenza A particle -> blocks uncoating of viral RNA
Stimulates release of dopamine from nigra striatum
86
SE of amantadine
CNS symptoms: ataxia, slurred speech, dizziness
87
ribavirin use
RSV bronchiolitis
88
ribavirin MAO
guanosine analogue inhibiting viral RNA poly
89
SE ribavirin
hemolytic anemia
elevated bili
teratogen
90
entecavir
hep B
91
entecavir MAO
guanosine analogue inhibiting viral polymerase
92
amphotericin B
systemic mycotic infections
93
SE amphotericin B
nephrotoxicity
94
Amphotericin B MAO
binds to ergosterol, altering fungal cell membrane
95
nystatin
cutaneous candida
96
flucytosine
used in combo for systemic infections and fungal meningitis
97
MAO flucytosine
converted to nucleotide analogues and inhibits thymidylate synthase -> inhibits fungal dna and RNA synthesis
98
SE flucytosine
bone marrow suppression
| hepatoxicity
99
Ketoconazole
anti fungal
| cushings disease
100
ketoconazole mao
inhibit ergosterol formation by inhibiting fungal cytochrome p450
also inhibits human p450s -> disrupts gonadala nd adrenal steroid synthesis
101
SE ketoconazole
hormone synthesis inhibition (inhibits p4540s) -: decreased libido
gynecomastia
102
griseofulvin
oral antifungal, topical dermatophytic infections
103
mao griseofulvin
interferes MT function
104
terbinafine
topical dermatophytic infections
105
terbinafine mao
inhibits squalene epoxidase, enzyme for ergosterol synthesis
106
chloroquine
plasmodium flaciparum malaria, treatment or prophylaxis
107
quinine
drug resistant p. falciparum malaria
| babesia microti
108
mefloquine
drug resistant p falciparum malaria, tx and prophylaxis
109
quinine SE
cinchonism (tinnitus, headache, nausea), coombs positive hemolytic anemia, fetal toxicity
110
mefloquine SE
mental status changes, cardiac abnormalties
111
cholroquine SE
visual distrubances, ECG changes
112
pyrimethamine MAO
inhibits dihydrofoalte reductase -> inhibited folic acid synthesis
113
pryimethamine
tx and prophylaxis of p. falciparum malria and toxoplasma gondii
114
pyrimethamine SE
BM suppression
115
Primaquine
P. vivax and P ovale malaria
116
primaquine SE
G6PD deficient hemoltyic anemia
