Drugs

Question 0

Name 3 major Anticoagulants, there therapeutic levels(if any), common uses, and adverse effects

Answer 0

1) Heparin
- aPTT is 1.5-2.5 the normal control level
- Sub-Q or IV for venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thromboembolic complications
- Serious bleeding episodes; severe hypotension, injection site reaction, thrombocytopenia

2) Lovenox
- Monitor aPPT
- Sub-Q for DVT, pulmonary embolism, and after certain types of surgeries like a hip replacement
- serious bleeding episodes

3) Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin)
- therapeutic INR is 2.0-3.0 and PT is 1.5-2.5 xcontrol
- antidote is Vitamin K
- mostly orally or IV for DVT, pulmonary embolism, TIA, prophylactic for cardiac valves
- serious bleeding episodes; hypersensitivity reactions, bronchospasms, anaphylaxis

Question 1

Name some Anti-platelet drugs and there adverse side effects

Answer 1

Aspirin (Plavix) 
(Ticlid) 
(ReoPro)
(Persantine) 
(Integrilin)

Adverse S/E: risk for serious bleeding episodes; GI complaints,tinnitus, thrombocytopenia

Question 2

Name some Thrombolytics : the way it works, adverse side effects, and any need to knows

Answer 2

(TNKase) (Retevase) (tPA) , Streptokinase, Urokinase

• they dissolve clots and are used for an acute MI, pulmonary embolism, or acute ischemic stroke
• administered IV generally within 4 hours
• adverse s/e are serious risk for bleeding, bronchospasms, hemorrhage, and anemia
• Antidote is Amicar

Question 3

What are some Plasminogen Inactivators, uses, and adverse effects

Answer 3

(Amicar) used for promoting clots to treat excessive bleeding

• adverse effects thrombophlebitis, HA, and orthostatic hypotension

Question 4

Name some Hemopoietic Agents, common uses, and adverse effects

Answer 4

Ferrous Sulfate (Ferosol,Slow FE) ; Ferrous Fumarate (Femiron) ; Ferrous Gluconate (Fergon)

-that treats iron deficiency anemia

• taken orally, at bedtime
• avoid taking with dairy products, antacids, or tetracyclines

-adverse side effects include GI complaints, seizures, and anaphylaxis

Question 5

Name the common use for Iron Dextran, the route, adverse effects, and and need to know information

Answer 5

(Dexferrum, Imfed)

• given when oral iron is not an option for tx of iron deficiency anemia
• IV or IM (test dose always given first before administering remaining dosage) IM given w/z-track technique
• contradicted in patients with acute renal disease or active infections
• serious adverse effects include: anaphylaxis, coma, fatal cardiac arrhythmias, & circulatory collapse

Question 6

Vitamin B-12 Cyancobalamin

Common uses, route, and side effects

Answer 6

(Anacobin, Nascobal)

• tx of megablastic anemias including pernicious anemia
• IM, Sub Q, or nasal routes
• adverse effects are fever, diarrhea, pruritis, flushing,
• serious adverse effects are cardiac failure, thrombosis, pulmonary edema

Question 7

Folic Acid, Vitamin B9

Answer 7

(Folacin)

• tx of folic acid deficiency
• given orally, IV, IM, or Sub-Q
• adverse effects are bronchospasms, rash, pruritis, general malaise, anaphylaxis
• may cause urine to turn darker yellow

Question 8

Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents

Answer 8

(Epoetin Alfa) (Darbepoetin Alfa)

• for anemias with chronic renal failure, HIV infection, chemotherapy, to decrease the need for blood transfusions in surgical patients
• IV or SubQ, hemoglobin should never exceed 12g/dl
• adverse effects are HTN, bone pain, muscle aches, HA, fever
• Monitor BP
• only one dose per vial and do NOT shake the solution